Personal Statement for Graduate Admissions in Art History

For Graduate Admissions in Art History - Personal Statement Example My request for a chance to undertake a postgraduate program in Art History is not based on a yearning for a title of a postgraduate, but rather on my fervor of delving into Art History, thereby actualizing my career objective of working at a gallery, in the management and art niche. I have always been interested in Art. My mother reinforced my propensity for creativity and music and from childhood, I liked creating things, embroidering and painting and did various kinds of art. As I tried to understand Art, I developed interest in Art History. This interest influenced my choice of undergraduate program: I chose to pursue Bachelor of Arts with a double Major in Art History/Management and a Minor in German, which is perhaps the main strongest facet of my application. This academic program not only related to my career interest directly but also constituted a significant basis for me, providing me with tools for further working in the management niche in an art gallery where I am curren tly. My academic background has provided me with significant fundamental knowledge, which, on my enrolment for this program, will be of great help. As aforementioned, I possess a Bachelor of Arts with a double Major in Art History/Management, and a Minor in German. I decided to minor in German for several reasons: it being a requirement for graduate schools and my intention of holding a position as an Art Historian and Researcher at one of the art galleries in Germany, where I am currently located. This was in the view of the fact that in the field of art history, German is deemed essential. German film classes including ‘From WWII to Unification’ and ‘Rise/Fall of Germany’ as well as reading German literature in ‘Advanced German Conversation’ course have boosted me in broadening my horizons in German literature and culture, thus improving my German. Other academic qualifications include a Certificate in

Visi a place of worship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visi a place of worship - Essay Example I had the chance for this reason to visit the Greater Baltimore Temple located in Finksburg, Maryland not once but twice. My first visitation to the Greater Baltimore Temple was on the occasion of the Divali celebration (or Diwali as the poster at the temple said). For the Hindus, Diwali iss marked as most respectable festival and holy of the year, and it’s usually celebrated for five days. After my first visit, I was notified by the staff that there was going to be a traditional Hindu marriage on Saturday. I came back with the intention of observing the event and to carefully study on the building structure and the deities’ statutes since it was crowded (during the Divali). This paper is focused on my reflection from what I observed on my visitation to the Greater Baltimore Temple. According to the website of the temple, â€Å"In the early 1990s, several dedicated members of the Hindu-Jain community felt the need for a place of worship and to preserve our heritage for future generations† (Elfenbein, pg. 18). During my second visit, I had the opportunity to ask the elderly members in the temple some of my main concerns. For them, the temple not only serves as the worshiping place for the Hindu, but also as the meeting place for the Indian immigrants in the Washington D.C. and the Baltimore areas. Being an international student from India; therefore, I also share the same feeling like that of the Indian immigrant. For someone visiting United States from outside, she or he is most likely to appreciate the ordinary things/events that happen in her/his home and tends to form a community that represents one’s identity. During my visitation I had the chance to talk to young Indian parents about the relationship of the temple and their children. Since ch ildren are the third generation of the Indian immigrant, they are already fit in and influenced by the culture of the

How Could Demand Elasticity Lead To Pricing Decisions?

How Could Demand Elasticity Lead To Pricing Decisions? How Could the Knowledge of Demand Elasticity Lead to Make Pricing Decisions? Making pricing decisions Price sensitivity is not just about charging high prices to maximize revenue. It might also relate to cut prices sometimes dramatically to encourage people who may otherwise not be part of the market to use the services or goods being provided. In business, it is like business of education, learning of price elasticity of demand. This concept is a cornerstone in any discussion of microeconomic principles and pricing for marketing effectiveness. Practically, price elasticity of demand involves the idea that consumers are affected by manipulations of price. On the producer part of view, price represents a distinct reflection of the production and marketing costs incorporated in bringing the product to the marketplace as well as the beginning point in the calculation of revenue and profit. On the consumer part, price is a critical ingredient in the image and value-conceptualization of a product. Elasticity of demand is dependent on the knowledge of the determinants of demand and helps firms and policy makers plan of consumer behavior in the market place. Products that can be replaced are likely to have a positive cross price elasticity of demand because the change in price makes them relatively more or less expensive in relation to each other. Similarly co-relative goods will give rise to a cross price elasticity of demand value that is negative. Strategic pricing  clarifies the relationship between market segmentation and price, and delivers the tools your organization needs to stay focused on value as you determine break-even, define price elasticity, and analyze tradeoffs between features and price points. Using strategic pricing tools yields is a better positioning approach. What I want to bring out here is a company director isnt only concern about calculating numbers profits. The number is a meaning at the end; when taking about price elasticity of demand it is used to see how sensitive the demand for a product is to a price change. The higher the price elasticity, the more sensitive consumers are to price changes. The very high price elasticity suggests that when the price of a product goes up, consumers will buy a great deal less of it and when the price of that good goes down, consumers will buy a great deal more. The very low price elasticity infers the opposite, that changes in price have little influence on demand. When measuring elasticity, what is being measured is the responsiveness to demand to its determinants, such as income and other goods. This gives rise to income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand. Income elasticity measures the responsiveness of demand to a change in income. Cross price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price of another good. Demand elasticity of make pricing decision will define how the market will react to changes in price. Understanding of this will allow companies to make informed decisions on how should approach the final sale of the good which is achieved through marketing. Background Historically elasticity of demand thinking has been primarily applied to the marketing mix variable of price. However, the concept can also lend meaningful insights into the administration of the other marketing mix and environmental variables in a context of causality. There exists a rich body of literature exploring the more extensive uses of elasticity of demand. However, basic marketing texts, and presumably introductory classes, typically do not feature the wider applications of the tool. At the beginning of 20 century, economist started to found out that demand consisted of more than simple purchasing power. It reverberate desire as well as ability to purchase, and new experiences with advertising and salesmanship were proving that desire could be increased and carved by factors other than the existence of supply. An extra idea of the market concerned its capacity to adjust itself automatically to an amicable balance. It had long been held that competitive forces would normally, in the long run, dissipate tendencies of unbalance, but as competition decreased in some industries and trades, the assumptions found in traditional economic theory became increasingly invalid. A third idea was that cost was the principal determinant of price, at least in the long run. Concepts of the elasticity of demand were still another influence upon the thinking of early marketing theory. Alfred Marshals concept of elasticity of demand has long been used by marketing writers as a theore tical basis for selling, advertising and the promotional work of marketing in general. (Fig 1. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) It was devised by Alfred Marshall.) Content Price elasticity of demand is defined as the measure of responsiveness in the quantity demanded for products as a result of change in price of the same products. To say it in another way, its percentage change in quantity demanded as per the percentage change in price of the same products. In economics and in business, the price elasticity of demand is a measure of the sensitivity of quantity demanded to changes in price. It is measured as elasticity, which it is measures the relationship as the ratio of percentage changes between quantities demanded of a good and changes in its price. A price fall usually results in an increase in the quantity demanded by consumers. The demand for a good is relatively inelastic when the change in quantity demanded is less than change in price. Goods and services for which no substitutes exist are generally inelastic. Marketing strategy focus on the decisions marketers make to help the company satisfy its target market and achieve its objectives. Price, of course, is one of the key marketing mix decisions and due to all marketing decisions must work together; the final price will be impacted by how other marketing decisions are made. Every companies view price as a key selling feature, but some firms, for example those seeking to be viewed as market leaders in product quality, will de-emphasize price and concentrate on a strategy that highlights non-price benefits e.g. quality, durability, service, etc. Such non-price competition can help the company avoid potential price wars that often break out between competitive firms that follow a market share objective and use price as a key selling feature. Understanding how price changes impact the market requires the marketer have a firm understanding of the concept economists call elasticity of demand, which relates to how purchase quantity changes as prices change. Elasticity is evaluated under the assumption that no other changes are being made and only price is adjusted. The logic is to see how price by itself will affect overall demand. Obviously, the chance of nothing else changing in the market but the price of one product is often unrealistic. For example, competitors may react to the marketers price change by changing the price on their product. Despite this, elasticity analysis does serve as a useful tool for estimating market reaction therefore it leads to make pricing decisions. Price elasticity of demand elasticity plays an important part when it needs to make piecing decision Marketing Essentials: economics knowledge to pricing from a marketing perspective (supply, demand, price elasticity). And the knowledge of income elasticity of demand for different products helps firms predict the effect of a business cycle on sales as well. All countries experience a business cycle where actual GDP moves up and down in a regular pattern causing booms and slowdowns or even a recession. The business cycle means incomes rise and fall. Elasticity deals with three types of demand scenarios: (1) Elastic Demand, (2) Inelastic Demand and (3) Unitary Demand. For marketers the important issue with elasticity of demand is to understand how it impacts company revenue. Strategic Pricing  define the relationship between market segmentation and price, and delivers the tools to the organization needs to stay adjusted on value as determine break-even, define price elasticity, and analyze tradeoffs between features and price points. Using strategic pricing tools yields a better positioning approach. Opportunity cost is the cost expressed in terms of the next best alternative sacrificed. Opportunity cost is central to the whole study of both economics and business as it is at the heart of the decision making that characterizes the essence of both subject disciplines. Value helps to explain why the demand curve slopes downwards from left to right. At higher prices, consumers have to sacrifice more utility (the satisfaction gained) from consuming other products. For some in a market, the price they are being asked to pay does not represent value for money in other words they recognize that the sacrifice of other goods and services they have to make represents a negative impact on their utility. This is all very theoretical but it is what we do when we make decisions about spending every day. Elasticity varies among products because some products may be more essential to the consumer. Products that are necessities are more insensitive to price changes because consumers would continue buying these products despite price increases. Conversely, a price increase of a good or service that is considered less of a necessity will deter more consumers because the opportunity cost of buying the product will become too high. Price elasticity of demand is defined as the measure of responsiveness in the quantity demanded for a commodity as a result of change in price of the same commodity. In other words, it is percentage change in quantity demanded as per the percentage change in price of the same commodity. In economics and business studies, the price elasticity of demand (PED) is a measure of the sensitivity of quantity demanded to changes in price. It is measured as elasticity, which is it measures the relationship as the ratio of percentage changes between quantity demanded of a good and changes in its price. A price drop usually results in an increase in the quantity demanded by consumers. The demand for a good is relatively inelastic when the change in quantity demanded is less than change in price. Goods and services for which no substitutes exist are generally inelastic. Demand for an antibiotic, for example, becomes highly inelastic when it alone can kill an infection resistant to all other antibiotics. Rather than die of an infection, patients will generally be willing to pay whatever is necessary to acquire enough of the antibiotic to kill the infection. The primary objective of a business is to provide quality products and services to customers, and through this to make a profit as a strongly related objectives measure. Many organizations fail to make an appropriate profit because they do not know how to price their products or services. Pricing is the critical element in achieving a profit and is a factor that all firms should seek to control. In order to set prices appropriately, a firm must understand their products, the market for these, production and distribution costs, and the competition. Especially with the growth of the Internet and electronic commerce networks, the marketplace responds very rapidly to technological advances and international competition. Thus, the need to be continually sensitive to the many factors that affect pricing, and to be ready to adjust organizational behavior appropriately, is greater than ever. Here, we present a literature review and overview of this important subject and related pricing decis ion support issues. Conclusion In my opinion, the theory behind price sensitivity is based on an understanding of the aims of an organization and the concepts of price elasticity of demand and consumer surplus. Most private sector business organizations will need to make a profit to survive. This may not translate to a profit maximizing approach but nevertheless they will be looking to generate profits from activities. Part of this process will be looking at what happens to revenue. Revenue is the amount received from the sale of goods and services and is found by multiplying the price of a product by the quantity sold. Price has an important function in markets. It acts as a signal to both producers and consumers. For producers it gives them some indication about the returns they can expect from sales in relation to their costs in other words whether it is worth producing a good or not. For consumers it provides an indication about value. Value is a very important concept in economics and business. It is difficult to define because we all have a different interpretation of what value means. In essence, the value we place on a good or service is indicated by the price we are willing to pay to consume that good or service. Price sensitivity therefore is important to all businesses when considering their pricing strategies. They will need to have some understanding of how their market will react to changes in price and thus what the impact is on their revenue. Understanding of this will allow companies to make informed decisions on how should approach the final sale of the good which is achieved through marketing.

Policy Proposal for Economic Reform in Russia Essay -- Economics Polit

Policy Proposal for Economic Reform in Russia Despite making a recovery after the 1998 market crash, Russia remains weighted with numerous holdovers from the Communist era that keep its economy from taking advantage of free-market reforms. In short, Russia has not prospered under capitalism because it has not yet discovered it. In order to do so, the Russian government must engage in extensive reform in several key areas: improving the rule of law, creating stable monetary policy, and ending a policy of favoritism to particular businesses. Engaging in these reforms would lower the extremely high transaction costs of doing business legally, stimulating a wave of new investment and wealth creation within Russia, as well as encouraging investment from abroad. While the causes of Russia’s economic problems are numerous, the absence of a rule of law causes enormous unpredictability and uncertainty that is the primary barrier to economic growth. The regulatory mess caused by presidential decrees, legislative changes and numerous bureaucracies putting out contradictory rulings is just one aspect of this problem. The court system, which is supposed to be a neutral arbitrator of private disputes, is highly publicized, and even worse, is used by the governments to silence critics and unfavorable companies. One of the major challenges to reform is the uncooperative nature of the bureaucratic apparatus in carrying out laws and policies enacted by the executive. While Yeltsin and Putin have generally been in favor of free-market reforms, the bureaucrats meant to carry out their policies are often rich oligarchs who stand to lose financially or politically from reform. To combat this, Putin has replaced most of the Yeltsin-era ruling... ...-07-98.html 9. Dmitry Pinsker, â€Å"TV6 saga nears final episode.† The Russia Journal http://www.trj.ru/index.htm?obj=5321 10. James A. Dorn and Ian Vasquez. Ending Russia's Chaos, September 9, 1998 http://www.cato.org/dailys/9-9-98.html 11. Daniel J. Mitchell, â€Å"Tax Reform: Russia, 1; United States, 0,† March 21, 2002 http://www.heritage.org/views/2002/ed032102.html 12. Rose Brady, Kapitalizm : Russia's Struggle to Free Its Economy, New Haven, Conn. Yale University Press, 1999. 13. Martha De Melo, and Gur Ofer, â€Å"Private Service Firms in a Transitional Economy: Findings of a Survey in St. Petersburg† Studies of Economies in Transformation, 1014-997X ; Paper No. 11: 1994. 14. William C.Gruben, "Dollarization: The Greenback Goes Global," Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Expand Your Insight, March 1, 2000 http://www.dallasfed.org/eyi/money/0003.html

Just Take Away Their Guns

In Willow's essay about gun control, the focus is on figuring out a way to remove Illegal guns from the street, and gang members to prevent more deaths of innocent people. Wilson focus's on how adding more restrictions in regards to purchasing a gun will not stop the mass murders, or even Illegal guns. So it is pointless to Increase the amount of gun control when It comes to purchasing guns legally.Although Wilson Is for less gun control, he does a very good Job of expressing each side of the arguments flaws, even his own. I personally don't see the need for guns In the home f Americans, but I will not be the person who Insists on removing all guns entirely, when I understand those that were obtained legally only use them for recreational use, not to murder and kill Innocent people. But something does need to be done about the Illegal guns, but the suggestions that Wilson makes In his essay, are very clear that they will never be come laws.He Is obviously poking fun at the gun contro l advocates by suggesting people walking down the street who fit the profile of someone who carries an illegal gun, be searched. It's a ludicrous idea, and not to mention illegal to profile anyone, based on looks alone. Clearly, Willow's suggestions are not legitimate ideas, but I think he is making these comments to prove the American people, especially gun control advocates its not as simple or black and white.Eliminating guns is only going to affect people who buy them legally, not those who obtain them illegally, so how will that prevent fewer murders? There isn't a simple answer and I understand that, I wish there was so the amount of people whom, as of lately, seem to be getting killed in mass shooting are suffering at the price of illegal fire arms. Its unfortunate and I agree, but I lack the ability to find a better solution. Just Take Away Their Guns In Willow's essay about gun control, the focus is on figuring out a way to remove Illegal guns from the street, and gang members to prevent more deaths of innocent people. Wilson focus's on how adding more restrictions in regards to purchasing a gun will not stop the mass murders, or even Illegal guns. So it is pointless to Increase the amount of gun control when It comes to purchasing guns legally.Although Wilson Is for less gun control, he does a very good Job of expressing each side of the arguments flaws, even his own. I personally don't see the need for guns In the home f Americans, but I will not be the person who Insists on removing all guns entirely, when I understand those that were obtained legally only use them for recreational use, not to murder and kill Innocent people. But something does need to be done about the Illegal guns, but the suggestions that Wilson makes In his essay, are very clear that they will never be come laws.He Is obviously poking fun at the gun contro l advocates by suggesting people walking down the street who fit the profile of someone who carries an illegal gun, be searched. It's a ludicrous idea, and not to mention illegal to profile anyone, based on looks alone. Clearly, Willow's suggestions are not legitimate ideas, but I think he is making these comments to prove the American people, especially gun control advocates its not as simple or black and white.Eliminating guns is only going to affect people who buy them legally, not those who obtain them illegally, so how will that prevent fewer murders? There isn't a simple answer and I understand that, I wish there was so the amount of people whom, as of lately, seem to be getting killed in mass shooting are suffering at the price of illegal fire arms. Its unfortunate and I agree, but I lack the ability to find a better solution.

Pelican Stores Chapter 2 Case Study Statistics

Analysis of Data: Pelican Stores; National Clothing With the given data, it is feasible to find numerous comparisons and correlations in the within the numbers given. The most relevant data to the given case refers to the type of customer (whether or not the customer used the promotional coupon) as well as the number of purchases made using the various forms of payment mentioned within the data table.As the Case Problem introduction stated, there were 100 sales included in the data set, using four different methods of payment, to assess the use and productivity of the promotional coupon. Pelican Stores sent out a promotional coupon to boost sales and gain a new customer base, relying on the assumption that the promotional coupon will draw in those people. The key notes of the data to note that pertain to the productivity of the coupon is the Type Of Customer column.The data given is either â€Å"regular† or â€Å"promotional†. The â€Å"regular† customers are tho se who did NOT receive the promotional coupon, and are assumed to be already returning customers. The â€Å"promotional† customers are assumed to be new customers, because the only people who received the promotional coupon were â€Å"new customers† who had shopped at other National Clothing stores, but not at the Pelican brand stores. Another notable part of the data in this section is the Method of Payment bar graph.Note that the â€Å"Proprietary Card† payment method indicates purchases made by customers of other National Clothing stores (the Proprietary Card is a charge card only available through National Clothing). Figure 1: Shows the distribution of sales between the four different payment methods; Discover, MasterCard, Visa, Proprietary Car Figure 2: Shows the distribution of customer type between the two options; Regular (returning Pelican Stores customers) and Promotional (those who received the promotional coupon)