The Changing Role Of The Teaching Assistant Education Essay

The Changing Role Of The Teaching Assistant Education Essay A short history into the changing job of the educating associate. Because of the administrations 2003 activity to change the staffing structure inside schools, the job of the Teaching Assistant has changed essentially as of late (Pugh, J. 2007) and has, thus, prompted various distributions and studies concerning the adequacy of these progressions on childrens learning. Generally, showing aides, or assistants as they were at times earlier known, were non showing grown-ups who helped qualified instructors via doing everyday preliminary and regulatory errands and giving peaceful consideration to youngsters. (Clayton. 1993) However, in 1998, the Local Government Chronicle distributed a synopsis of a Green Paper, (1998), in which they sketched out recommendations for utilizing a more noteworthy number of care staff 20,000 continuously 2002 so as to offer more help for instructors. The rundown likewise reported the administrations proposals for a progressively powerful utilization of, and better preparing for, encouraging collaborators and other school bolster staff which, alongside an ensuing OfSTED survey (2002a, p6) announced the requirement for preparing that would, coordinate any proposed structure of capabilities and to encourage profession movement. Filling in as a training colleague in this manner turned into a vocation thus started the genuine discussion about the job of the instructing partner. During a UNISON meeting on Building a World Class Education Service Estelle Morris expressed that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦teaching collaborators have a fundamental task to carry out in our study halls (Morris, 2002, refered to in Unison, p.2) Yet, what does that job involve? Likewise with many occupation titles inside the workplace, the title encouraging associate is regularly deciphered in an assortment of ways yet one basic subject I have experienced, when addressing instructive staff, is that all training colleagues are facilitators of learning and in this way are basic components in the advancement of learning for kids. How the assistance is done, in any case, is less clear and open to singular understanding by the two managers and representatives. The capacity of a person to upgrade a students learning experience relies upon numerous variables and will regularly be chosen by nature in which they are utilized. Through close to home encounters I am persuaded that a school which esteems the commitments of its care staff will give proficient improvement openings and will, in this way, make an important asset that will bolster kids, instructors and the school itself. Supporting educating and learning A training aides job is to help the learning all things considered. So as to do this they, similar to any instructor, need to have a decent comprehension of how kids learn. In the book, Teaching and Learning in the Early Years, Whitebread (2008, section 1) examines Piagets thoughts that kids need to feel and hold authority over their learning. Whitebread proceeds by investigating Vygotsys claims that it is the job of the grown-up to give chances to social cooperation and to help the youngster in moving out of their customary range of familiarity or level of real turn of events and towards their potential by means of their zone of proximal turn of events. To do this, a training collaborator must see how to advance interest among youngsters while giving chances to conversation and investigation. With current class estimates in the district of up to 30 understudies, a class instructor will frequently be not able to take part in this indispensable part of creating childrens learning thus it is basic that supporting grown-ups are furnished with the aptitudes to framework learning and to give chances to them to build up the language should have been ready to examine and clarify their thoughts. (Bruner 1983, refered to in Peabody Journal of Education, pp 64-66) Just as of late I was lucky to be a piece of an activity to advance perusing among a gathering of hesitant male perusers who had, for obscure reasons, figured a conclusion that perusing was a task to be attempted with hostility and just when educated to do as such. My job was that of the empowering grown-up as portrayed by Chambers (1991). By giving them a chance to share and examine every others perusing encounters I had the option to, through the span of just seven days, release in them an ability and pleasure in perusing. The result of this immediately got evident in their comprehension of composed content. The kids likewise started composition with excitement, utilizing their own insight and encounters; thus, they are in charge of their own learning. The kids feel engaged by the way that they are straightforwardly liable for the advancement that they are making and keep on making the most of our week after week conversations about their perusing and progress. The kids referenced don't have exceptional instructive needs, as is frequently the situation for understudies being upheld by an educating aide. Kids with SEN need a more significant level of help and this has, verifiably, been given by instructing partners. (Alborz et al, 2009a) This has recently been a territory for banter with The Daily Telegraph (2009) distributing an article guaranteeing that exploration shows that, Pupils gain less ground in homerooms where schools utilize all the more educating partners. This article expresses that instructing partners regularly bolster lower accomplishing understudies, bringing about them being less upheld by a certified educator and to them gaining constrained ground. The article doesn't, in any case, consider the preparation of the instructing associates. While assessing the effect of workforce renovating, a report by OfSTED (2004) expressed that when an instructing right hand is delegated to work with painstakingly picked understudies and is given the preparation to do so adequately, the students gain critical ground. This is, obviously, just as the undeniable advantages of furnishing the instructor with more opportunity to concentrate on different students. Having worked nearby a few training associates utilized to help kids with SEN I have seen the vast advantage to the student and the class in general. The training partners empowered the understudies to be remembered for a standard study hall and access the educational plan, while permitting the class instructor to help most of the students. Their help included the re-upholding of the entire class educating, giving the student the certainty to take an interest in class conversations, improvement of jargon, offering acclaim and support and input on the finished assignment. Following the exercise, the instructing colleague additionally furnished the educator with evaluation and observing criticism to empower appraisal of and for learning. This evaluation has become a fundamental part of the job of the showing aide and supports the instructor and student by empowering separation and customized figuring out how to turn out to be each day practice. (OfSTED, 2002b) Direction distributed by the NFER (2002, refered to in DfES, 2005, p.22) found that when educators and training aides cooperate the outcomes are an increasingly compelling degree of instructing and learning. A case of this is a situation I have encountered as of late where a training right hand upheld the learning of most of the class while the class educator concentrated on the kids with SEN. Because of the educator and instructing associate having invested energy cooperating to design the exercise, the training right hand had the option to help the learning goals and help understudies in their accomplishment of them. Training colleagues can likewise, when remembered for the arranging of an exercise, effectively take an interest in the conveyance of the exercise giving an elective perspective or by assuming a character in job. One such model was given by my partner who, after understanding that a considerable lot of the understudies inside the class had misconstrued a key idea, professed to be befuddled and lifted a hand to request explanation. Accordingly, students built up a more clear comprehension of the exercise and thusly, the training right hand had assumed a significant job in building up their learning. By executing a blend of these methodologies and with viable preparing and direction, training partners can offer priceless help for all youngsters inside any exercise. Encouraging aides additionally bolster conduct the executives inside classes and can give an elective degree of discernment inside the study hall. In day by day Literacy exercises, I have watched a showing right hand supporting an understudy with ADHD and have presumably that without her essence, the class educator would need to spend an enormous extent of the exercise settling the youngster and tending to low level interruptions. Individual experience has given me that kids with enthusiastic and/or conduct troubles are frequently progressively responsive towards an encouraging associate with whom they can produce a positive grown-up/youngster relationship. This can contribute towards the social and enthusiastic prosperity of the kid as illustrated by Alborz et al. (2009b). Supporting the instructor and the school Other than the chance to help childrens getting the hang of during exercise time, training colleagues keep on completing a large number of managerial errands so as to help the class educator and the school overall. The National Agreement, (ATL et al. 2003, p.2), executed as a component of the legislatures workforce redesigning activity, expresses that instructors ought not invest their energy completing managerial obligations that don't utilize their aptitudes and skill however that these assignments ought to be done by help staff. The understanding layouts twenty-one assignments that instructing staff ought not be required to do including the arrangement of homeroom assets, copying, the assortment of monies for instructive visit and the planning and setting up of presentations. These errands should likewise, accordingly, be viewed as the obligation of the instructing right hand. All of the managerial undertakings has a

The Crusades Essay Research Paper Crusades were free essay sample

The Crusades Essay, Research Paper Battles were Christian military campaigns sorted out primarily to recover Palestine during the Middle Ages. Palestine, other than called the Holy Land, was of import to Christians since it was where Jesus Christ had lived. Palestine lay along the eastern beach of the Mediterranean Sea, and Muslims had assumed responsibility for it from Christians. The reformers, who originated from Western Europe, sorted out eight significant campaigns between A.D. 1096 and 1270. This was a period when Western Europe was spread excursion its monetary framework and expanding its military powers. The Crusades were a bit of a wide Christian development movement. Rulers, Lords, and 1000s of knights, provincials, and townsfolks took partition in the Crusades. They had two closures, to infer enduring control of the Holy Land and to secure the Byzantine Empire, a Grecian Christian imperium focused in southeasterly Europe, from the Muslims. Be that as it may, numerous reformers other than battled to build their influence, locale, and riches. We will compose a custom paper test on The Crusades Essay Research Paper Crusades were or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The reformers won a few clashes and built up a reformer land along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, however their triumphs had no enduring result. Be that as it may, the Crusades expanded previously bing contacts between the West and the East. These contacts prompted additional exchange and corporate greed. The reformers neglected to bring through their central closures. They recovered the Holy Land for a clasp however could non set up suffering command over the nation. Western and Eastern Christians joined to fight the Muslims. In any case, dealingss between the two gatherings of Christians, especially as a result of the Fourth Crusade, turned out to be sharp to such an extent that they prompted a legacy of scorn. The Byzantine Empire tumbled to the Ottoman Empir nutrient E in 1453. In add-on, the pope’s notoriety declined in light of the fact that some Catholic Popes utilized the Crusades for individual and political option. Be that as it may, the Crusades other than improved European life. For delineation, they more remote animated financial developing by passing on expanded exchange between metropoliss that flanked the Mediterranean Sea. The Italian metropoliss of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa thrived and became incredible by moving reformers and their provisions to the Middle East, where these metropoliss picked up benefits in areas vanquished during the Crusades. Merchandise from Asia went through these areas on the way to the metropoliss in Italy. Western Europeans other than figured out how to develop better ships and accomplish increasingly exact maps during the Crusades. They started to use attractive compasses to state waies. The Crusades were of simply unassuming significance contrasted with the extraordinary business augmentation or the ascent of governments in Western Europe. In the leaders of the individuals of the crusading age, all things considered, the Crusades appeared to be extremely of import. Students of history one time thought the reformers who came back to Europe familiar Westerners with the merchandise and lifestyles in the East. The historiographers believed that this contact extraordinarily impacted life in the West. As a result of the Crusades, history specialists one time contended, Europeans were acquainted with so much focuses as sugar, silk, velvet, and glass mirrors. Present day historiographers, in any case, dismiss these announcements. They state that Europeans had known about sugar, silk, velvet, and glass reflects before the Crusades. These historiographers point to a wide total of exchange between Muslims, Byzantines, and Europeans numerous mature ages before the Crusades. Venice, most importantly, had served for some mature ages as a nexus between the East and West.

5 Books on Athlete Protests in (Recent) History

5 Books on Athlete Protests in (Recent) History This is a guest post from Shaun Manning. Shaun is a writer and publishing pro living in Ann Arbor with his wife, daughter, and cat, all of whom have eclectic tastes in reading. He holds a masters degree in creative writing from the University of Glasgow, where he won a bottle of whiskey for a public reading. Shaun is the author of three graphic novels and assorted short stories in several mediaâ€"perhaps you heard him on Radio 4, but probably not. Follow him on Twitter  @FasterthanShaun. Colin Kaepernick was not the first professional athlete to protest against injustice in America. He wasnt even first on board for the current round of athletes making waves by disrupting the comfortable entertainment of game day with powerful, pointed messages. Yet because of the unique, tangible retaliation he experienced in being declined a spot on any NFL team for the 2017 season despite his skills, he has rather become a figurehead of the #Resistance within the sporting worldâ€"a status that will only be amplified by the president of the United States calling him a son of a bitch in a public forum. While Kaepernick had previously garnered scattered support as other pros took up his particular form of protestâ€"kneeling during the national anthemâ€"the presidents words served as a rallying cry, amplifying, if not quite unifying, support behind the displaced quarterback. Athletes are in a perhaps unique situation to influence the cultural conversation, but they do so at great risk to their own careers. Already in the wake of the presidents statements about Kaepernick and NBA star Steph Curry, LeBron James has spoken outâ€"in a tweet liked more than one million timesâ€"in a way that Michael Jordan never did, and in much stronger terms than some might expect. LeBron is using his platform, one of the biggest in the worldâ€"and more powerful, potentially, than that of the purported Leader of the Free World. So while were praising the current generation of athletes for exercising their First Amendment rights, perhaps now is a good time to read up on other stars who have spoken truth to power. Sting Like a Bee: Muhammad Ali vs. the United States of America, 1966-1971 by Leigh Montville Muhammad Alis refusal to be drafted into the Vietnam war has been the subject of much discussion and more than a few books, with former Boston Globe and Sports Illustrated columnist Leigh Montvilles Sting Like a Bee the latest compelling entry. Memorials for the celebrated boxer, who passed away in 2016, focused on his prowess in the ring and his charismatic personality, largely glossing over the controversial role he played as a civil rights icon. Sting Like a Bee delves into Alis battles with a legal system and dominant American culture that were set against him. Black 14: The Rise, Fall and Rebirth of Wyoming Football  by Ryan Thorburn Many of the most prominent moments of activism in sports have focused on broad patterns of social injustice, but the University of Wyoming football teams protest centered on one very particular bit of discrimination: the Mormon churchs refusal to admit African Americans into its priesthood. In response, 14 of Wyomings black players asked coach Lloyd Eaton for permission to wear black armbands during their game against Brigham Young Universityâ€"a request their coach denied. When they came to his office wearing the armbands over their everyday clothes, Eaton expelled them from the team. Despite efforts to negotiate with Eaton on reinstatement, the school ultimately sided with the coach, and the playersâ€"now known as the Black 14â€"found themselves not only out of a college football career, but also in danger of losing their college education. Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Rather than an examination of an athletes political action, Writings on the Wall is a book of essays by former NBA superstar Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Outspoken and controversial during his basketball career, since retiring Abdul-Jabbar has shown himself to be one of the smartest, most insightful guys in the wide world of sports. Writings on the Wall bears more resemblance to the works of Ta-Nehisi Coates than it does to a basketball memoir, and establishes Abdul-Jabbar as an important voice in the world of cultural criticismâ€"bolstered, of course, by his celebrity status. Because lets face it, TNC will never have the name recognition that Kareem enjoys unless he manages to become the NBAs all time leading scorer. Silent Gesture: The Autobiography of Tommie Smith  by Tommie Smith In 1968, Tommie Smith, American gold medalist in the 200 meter dash, stood upon the winners podium with bronze medalist John Carlos, both raising their fists in a silent protest. If I win I am an American, not a black American. But if I did something bad then they would say, a Negro. We are black and we are proud of being black, Smith said. Both athletes were expelled from the Mexico City Olympic games, and back home the media narrative predictably turned against themâ€"they were extremists, Smith was a member of the Black Panther party (which he denies), and so forth. Silent Gesture tells Smiths story of his decision to protest and what came after. The Revolt of the Black Athlete  by Harry Edwards Harry Edwards, a professor and sociologist whom Tommie Smith credited with helping to inspire his protest at the 1968 games, has written the definitive book on Black activism in sportsâ€"fifty years ago. The new edition, published in May by the University of Illinois Press, includes a new introduction and afterword that situates protests by Smith, Carlos, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Muhammad Ali in the context of contemporary movements like Black Lives Matter. Edwards book is perhaps the most comprehensive look at activism and reception, outside of the particular instances of any one athlete or event, and thus the most likely to prescribe a meaningful way forward. Save Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Women in Singapore Should Be Allowed to Fight in the Front...

Women in Singapore should be allowed to fight in the front line Being part of the front line combat refers to being part of the most advanced tactical combat units forming a military line. Women in Singapore should be allowed to fight in the front line. It is undeniable that it would require high physical strength that most women lack, but women can be trained to be just as capable as men, if not better, or assume front line positions requiring less physical strength. The generalised statement of women being weaker should not restrict them from taking up front line combat positions. Women in Singapore should be given an opportunity to fight in the front line. Women in Singapore should be allowed to fight in the front line because women are†¦show more content†¦It would only be fair to give equal opportunities to women who are able to meet the same requirements as men and it would also promote equality with them being as capable as the men. Restricting women because they are weaker is a generalised statement and not a fact that associates with specific women. Major Gregory Trahan was witness to a female supply sergeant replacing a trained infantryman after running through a gauntlet of seven mortar rounds that exploded continuously as the three-vehicle convoy he was commanding came under fire during his 2003-2004 tour in and around Ramadi, Iraq. When the squad automatic weapon (SAW) gunner in her truck was shot, but not severely injured and was too terrified to get back on the gun, she radioed back to Major Gregory Trahan and received instructions to get someone back up there, so she put the gunner in her seat, got up, and started pulling security with the vehicle. The irony was, the gunner who had been pulling security on that truck was the armorer, who was an infantryman and the backbone of the army, while she was just a supply sergeant, and women were barred from the job of that armorer. Army Major Christopher L’Heureux was witness to a female lab technician, Van Wirt, just about five-foot-one, rescuing a male counterpart and getting out safely. An explosively formed penetrator had blown up one of his Strykers in the Baghdad’s Rusafa neighborhood, just across the Tigris River from the U.S. Embassy, and Van Wirt was pulling aShow MoreRelatedTheory and Pratice of Gay Marriage2384 Words   |  10 Pagestriangles, and no, there are no secrets: rather, their marriage might not be recognize if they live in the United States. When asked if we should treat everyone fairly, regardless of sexual orientation, gender, religious status, age, race, etc. the replied with enthusiastic is yes. However when we asked the same people who replied yes, if same-sex marriages should be allow, you received mixed answers. There are valid reasons brought up by those who oppose same sex marriages such as moral and religiousRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesoriginally pursued a policy of non-intervention, avoiding conflict while trying to broker a peace. - When a German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915, with 128 Americans aboard, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson vowed, America is too proud to fight and demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships. Germany complied. - Wilson unsuccessfully tried to mediate a settlement. He repeatedly warned the U.S. would not tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare, in violation of international law and URead MoreThe Results of World War 13349 Words   |  14 Pageslaunched movements for the recognition of their rights. Almost all countries were so heavily burdened that for years together their path of progress remained impeded. This war also had important social consequences. There was progress in the sphere of women. Even European Christianity had no impact on the Great War. For politics came to eclipse religion. All known religious dogmas were shattered. This apart, narrow-minded radicalism was given up and a sense of fraternity was born in the people. http://wwwRead MoreFashion Designing and the Global Fashion Industry4057 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿Fashion Designing Until the mid 19th century, most of the clothing at men and women wore was custom made. There were present dress makers and tailors who stitched clothing and sold it to individual. With the advent of technologies like the sewing machine, global capitalism grew and the fashion industry spread throughout the world. Starting initially from America and Europe, the fashion industry quickly spread throughout the world. With the globalization of fashion, different ideas and trendsRead MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pagesquestions regarding the freedom of expression, access to information, the right to privacy, intellectual property rights, and cultural diversity. ICT is an instrumental need of all humans for the gathering of information and knowledge, and as such, should be guaranteed as a basic right to all human beings. All over the world, rights that are already legally recognised are daily being violated, whether in the name of economic advancement, political stability, religious causes, the campaign against terrorismRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesscience c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b. Should environment be saved at all costs c. Are we doing enough to save the environment? d. Main reasons for environmental problems nowadays 5. Religion a. Religion dividesRead More Sex Trafficking in Islam Essay5818 Words   |  24 PagesIslamic cultures oppress their women because of the high regard for the hymen as a sense of honor, yet sex trafficking flourishes not only in the richer Gulf States but also in Islamic countries worldwide. Because â€Å"Islamic fundamentalism is a political movement with an ideology that considers women inherently inferior in intellectual and moral capacity,† sex trafficking is not seen as against the tenants of the religion but rather as acceptable because of the low status of women (Hughes). This paper willRead MoreRp-Us Visiting Forces Agreement12890 Words   |  52 Pagesin the Philippines, and the long history of Moro-Christian conflict in the region, the Philippines seems to serve as an excellent site to launch the second front to the war on terror (Radics, 2004 ). However, this argument ignores the importance of public sentiment, which has persistently had an anti-US position. Fur thermore, the pro-US front in Filipino politics has become highly fragmented (The Philippine Star, 2003 ). Also, the alliance of anti-US nationalists which had, after the People PowerRead MoreNation Branding-Best Practices Through Sports, Laws and Science7411 Words   |  30 PagesSouth Africa ranked Germany around 5th or 6th, as did Egypt and Japan. What can athletes and sports associations do specifically to contribute to nation branding? I am thinking along the lines of jerseys and tracksuits. There are dozens of different sports whose national teams represent Germany internationally. Should they have a more striking appearance by wearing the national colours black, red and gold? What would be ideal from the point of view of successful nation branding? Things like this playRead MoreSnack industry in Hong Kong Essay6276 Words   |  26 Pagesrecommend future strategies for improvement. For strategic analysis part, we used PESTLE and Porter’s 5 forces for external analysis; and SWOT and Value Chain for internal analysis. For Porter’s Five Forces analysis, the degree of each focus should be: 1. Rivalry among existing firms – low 2. Threat of new entrants - low 3. Bargaining power of suppliers - low 4. Bargaining power of buyers - low 5. Threat of substitutes products and service - medium During PESTLE analysis, we discovered

Pregnancy Rate Of Pregnancy During Adolescence - 986 Words

Every day we see young pregnant women in households and on the streets, sometimes in schools, in shops and elsewhere. There are many factors that lead to increasingly early exercise of sexuality in adolescents and thus to early pregnancies. Pregnancy during adolescence is a topic of great interest in all sectors of society, and across the world. Adolescence is a period of life in which the individual acquires the reproductive capacity, psychologically passes from childhood to adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health conducted research on pregnancy rates, outcomes of birth and abortion among 15-to 19 years old and 10- to 14-year olds in all countries (Gilda, 2015). The hypotheses of this research is that pregnancy accords in teenage girls between the ages of 10 to 19 years old, 95% of these births occur in low- and middle-income. The research conducted by Journal of Adolescent Health, shows statistics of over 21 counties of pregnancies, abortions, births, and the Pregnancies that end in abortion (%). This Tables show a contrast with females 15-19 years old, and females 10-24 years old, Rate per 1,000 females. The average birth rate among teens in middle-income countries exceeds more than double that of high-income countries, and the share of low-income countries is five times higher. The proportion of births that take place during adolescence stands at around 2% in China, 18% in Latin America and the Caribbean and over 50% in sub-Saharan Africa. Half of all births inShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Teenage Pregnancy1720 Words   |  7 Pages Like Amy and Loeber (2009), when it comes to the ecological paradigm of teenage pregnancy, Corcoran, Franklin, and Bennett (2000) also believe one’s socioeconomic status is a huge factor that contributes to this problem. A person’s socioeconomic status a lot of times determines â€Å"education, expanded family size, single-parent household structure, and lessened resources in terms of employment and income.† These three authors claim that educational performance and goals â€Å"dictate the potential costsRead MoreQuestions On Gender Identity And Gender Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup and should not determine what we make of our lives. 5. Gender-intensification hypothesis (p.381): This theory implies that the differences in gender concerning behaviors and attitudes is greatly increased during adolescence. This could be due to the fact that the time of adolescence is about trying to fit in and conform to societal views and standards of typical gender roles. This theory is interesting to see in real life because you can clearly see the division between guys’ and girls’ preferencesRead MoreTeenage Birth Rate Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), teen birth rate in the United States (U.S.) has been continuously declined for the past 20 years, yet the U.S. is still ranked the highest in teen pregnancy when compared to other developed nations (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2016). The term teen pregnancy is denoting young females being pregnant or giving birth under the age of 20. According to the CDC, in 2015, there were 229,715 babies b orn to adolescent females agesRead MoreIntroduction: . In The Community Of The City Of Tempe,1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfor pregnant women are limited. Pregnancy is an amazing, high demand process that the human body goes through. During pregnancy the demands on a woman’s body are increased as the body’s nutrient needs are increased. With the higher health demands it is essential that health care clinics are available to help with progression of the pregnancy. Adolescents face higher demands from a pregnancy. During adolescence the body is still growing and maturing, adding a pregnancy only makes the demands on theRead MoreUnintended Or Unplanned Pregnancies Are A Major Health Concern Associated With Increased Risks973 Words   |  4 PagesUnintentional or unplanned pregnancies are a major health concern associated with increased risks of detrimental behaviors, abortions and negative social and birth outcomes (Feldman, 2012). While the rates of pregnancy and childbirt h among adolescents under the age of 20 in the United States have been falling since 1990 it is not expected to disappear entirely and remains a national problem (Moeller, 2007). Pregnancy in adolescence have been associated with a variety of poor maternal and infant outcomesRead MoreThe Problem with Teenage Childbearing in the United States1039 Words   |  4 Pagesserious social problem in the United States. The rates of teen parenting are at is lowest, but the numbers still remain an issue. Teen parenting has been associated with negative outcomes for the parents and their children. Many teenage parents and their families are unaware of the disparities when becoming a teen parent. With outcomes of teen childbearing being identified, teen pregnancy prevention needs to be further addressed. Addressing teen pregnancy and methods of prevention will help strengthenRead MoreAdolescence : The Transitional Period Between Childhood And Adulthood1549 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout th ese stages come happiness, sadness, and excitement. Adolescence is the time where we may have had the best times and the worst times while going through the stage of life. Adolescence is the time when young adults begin to change mentally and physically. During this stage of life, adolescents are introduced to many things such as the changing of the body, interest in different people, and trying to find themselves. When adolescence occurs they will experience puberty, growth spurts, developmentRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Effects On The United States951 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage pregnancy has become an identified social problem and the focus of much concern. The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy in the fully industrialized world. While the rates have been declining in the last fifteen years, it remains a source of concern that, nearly thirty-four percent of teenage girls in the United States are becoming pregnant at least once before the age of twenty. The teena ge pregnancy in the United States rate is ten times that of Japan, four times thoseRead MoreReproductive Health Knowledge And Unsafe Induced Abortion Among Female Adolescent1571 Words   |  7 PagesAbout 56% of the in-school respondents indicated knowledge about ovulation, 75% had knowledge about their menstrual cycle and 47.8% indicated knowledge on pregnancy prevention. For the out-of-school category, about 54% had knowledge about ovulation, 69.6% could calculate their menstrual cycle and 49.4% had knowledge on how to prevent a pregnancy. Knowledge level of family planning services was however low: about 30% for in-school and 43% for out-of-school adolescents. Usage of family planning servicesRead MoreAdverse Health Effects of Adolescent Pregnancy Essays1451 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent pregnancy is a very important health issue worldwide. When adolescents who, are often physically and mentally unprepared to bear a child are become mothers it has astoundingly negative outcom es for the mother. Including bad personal outcomes adolescent mothers often give birth to children with increased health issues when compared to a healthy adult mothers. Because of the negative outcomes associated with adolescent pregnancy, the issue should be addressed worldwide. Adolescent mothers

Market Positioning of New Product Free Essays

string(155) " a direct result the company developed a new product, branded Coke Zero, which is targeted at the health-conscious male segment of the soft drinks market\." What is Marketing : The word Marketing in narrow sense is used as the sum up of selling process. Now a days marketing is considered as managing profitable customer relationships. Hence, we define marketing as the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Positioning of New Product or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here the figure 1. 1 presents a simple five step model of the marketing process. In the first four steps companies work to understand consumers, create customer value and build strong customer relationships. In the final step companies reach the reward of creating superior customer value. By creating value for customers , they in turn capture value from customers in the form of sales, profits, and long term customer equity. In the face of today’s changing business , to success , this expand model of marketing is very much helpful. All steps of this marketing process is important. As a first step, marketers need to understand customers needs and wants and the market place within which they operate. Once its fully understood , consumers and marketplace, Marketing management design a customer driven marketing strategy. In the next steps, marketers construct a marketing program that actually deliver superior value through building profitable customer relationships by capturing value from customers. Here we will focus on customer driven marketing strategy of launching a product or service. Customer – driven marketing strategy and marketing management orientations that guide marketing strategy: To design a winning marketing strategy , the company must first decide who it will serve. It does this by dividing the market into segments of customers(market segmentation) and selecting which segments it will cultivate(target marketing). Next , the company must decide how it will serve targeted customers(how it will differentiate and position itself in the marketplace). Marketing management wants to design strategies that will build profitable relationships with target consumers. There are five alternative concepts under which organizations design and carry out their marketing strategies. These are :- *Production concept: *Product concept *Selling concept *Marketing concept *Social marketing concept roduction concept The philosophy that consumers will favor products that are available and highly affordable, and that management should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency product concept: The idea that C’l will favor products that offer the most quality, performance and features, and that the organisation should therefore, devote its energy to making continuous produce improve merits selling concept: The idea that consumers†¢ will not buy enough of the organisation’s products unless the organisation undertakes large-scale selling and promotion effort arketing concept The marketing management philosophy†¢ which holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants qf target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. societal marketing concept: The idea that the organization should determine the need, want and interests of target markets and deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a ay that maintains or improves the consumer’s and society’s well-being. There is no hard and fast rule to strictly follow any particular concept. These concept are followed by different companies as their convenience as their business mission. This may vary for different companies beside some companies may follow the combination of these orientation. Marketing mix The set of controllabletactic-id marketing tools- product, price, place and promotion – that tlivfirm blends to producethe response it wants in che target market ‘functional chewing and bubble gums’ [pic] Product Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want. It includes physical objects, persons organizations and ideas, price. The amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service. place. All the company activities make the product or service available to target customers. promotion Activities that communicate the product or service and its ‘merits to target customers a persuade them to buy. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis section draws from the market audit. It is a brief list of the critical success factors in the market, and rates strengths and weaknesses against the competition. The SWOT analysis should include costs and other non marketing variables. The outstanding opportunities and threats should he given. If plans depend upon assumptions about the market, the economy or the competition. SWOT analysis draws the critical strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) from the strategic audit. The audit contains a wealth of data of differing importance and reliability. SWOT analysis distils these data to show the critical items from the internal and external audit. The number of items is small for forceful communications, and they show where a business should focus its attention. The STP Process The growing use of the STP process has occurred as a direct result of the prevalence of mature markets, the greater diversity in customer needs, and the ability to reach specialized or niche segments. As such marketers are increasingly segmenting markets and identifying attractive segments (i. e. who to focus on and why? ), in order to identify new product opportunities, develop suitable positioning and communications strategies (i. e. what message to communicate), and effectively allocate resources to key marketing activities (i. e. how much should we spend and where? ). Organizations will often commission segmentation research when they want to re-scope their marketing strategy, investigate a declining brand, launch a new product, or restructure their pricing policy. Organizations operating in highly dynamic environments seek to conduct segmentation research at regular intervals, to keep in touch with changes in the marketplace. STP refers to the three activities segmentation, targeting, and positioning Key benefits of the STP process include: †¢ Enhancing a company’s competitive position by providing direction and focus for marketing strategies such as targeted advertising, new product development, and brand differentiation. For example, Coca-Cola identified through market research that its Diet Coke brand (also marketed as Coca-Cola Lite) was egarded as ‘girly’ and ‘feminine’ by male consumers. As a direct result the company developed a new product, branded Coke Zero, which is targeted at the health-conscious male segment of the soft drinks market. You read "Market Positioning of New Product" in category "Papers" †¢ Examining and identifying growth opportunities in the market through the identification of new customers, growth segments, or new product uses. For example Arm Hammer was able to attract new customers when existing consumers identified new uses for their baking soda (Christensen, Cook, and Hall, 2005). Lucozade also changed the positioning and targeting from its original marketing strategy positioned for sick children and rebranded to target athletes as an energy drink. †¢ More effective and efficient matching of company resources to targeted market segments promises the greatest return on marketing investment (ROMI). For example, financial institutions like HSBC and Barclays and large retailing multinationals such as Tesco and ASDA Wal-Mart are utilizing data-informed segmentation strategies to effectively target direct marketing messages and rewards to customers they have classified as offering long-term value to the company, i. . they are profitable customers. Market Create values for customers and build customer relationship An expanded model of the marketing process Marketing Strategy Target consumers are at the centre of the marketing strategy. The company identifies the total market, divides it into smaller segments, selects the most promising segments and focuses on se rving them. It designs a marketing mix using mechanisms under its control: product, price, place and promotion. The company engages in marketing analysis, planning, implementation and control to find the best marketing mix and to take action. The company uses these activities to enable it to watch and adapt to the marketing environment. We will now look briefly at e;ieh factor in the marketing process and say where it is developed elsewhere in this book. The Concept of Market Segmentation Market segmentation is the division of a market into different groups of customers with distinctly similar needs and product/service requirements. Or to put it another way, market segmentation is the division of a mass market into identifiable and distinct groups or segments, each of which have common characteristics and needs and display similar responses to marketing actions. Market segmentation was first defined as ‘a condition of growth when core markets have already been developed on a generalised basis to the point where additional promotional expenditures are yielding diminishing returns’ (Smith, 1956). There is now widespread agreement that they form an important foundation for successful marketing strategies and activities (Wind, 1978; Hooley and Saunders, 1993). The purpose of market segmentation is to leverage scarce resources; in other words, to ensure that the elements of the marketing mix, price, distribution, products and promotion, are designed to meet particular needs of different customer groups. Since companies have finite resources it is not possible to produce all possible products for all the people, all of the time. The best that can be aimed for is to provide selected offerings for selected groups of people, most of the time. This process allows organizations to focus on specific customers’ needs, in the most efficient and effective way. As Beane and Ennis (1987) eloquently commented, ‘a company with limited resources needs to pick only the best opportunities to pursue’. The market segmentation concept is related to product differentiation. If you aim at different market segments, you might adapt different variations of your offering to satisfy those segments, and equally if you adapt different versions of your offering, this may appeal to different market segments. Since there is less competition, your approach is less likely to be copied and so either approach will do. Market consists of buyers and buyers differ in one or more ways. They may differ in their wants ,resources, locations, buying attitudes and buying practices. Through market segmentation , companies divide large, heterogeneous markets into smaller segments that can be reached more efficiently and effectively with products services that match their unique needs. In this section we discuss four important segmentation topics: segmenting consumer markets, segmenting business markets, segmenting international markets, and requirements for effective segmentation. Segmenting Consumer Markets There is no single way to segment a market. A marketer has to try different segmentation variables, alone and in combination, to find the best way to view the market structures. Table 7. 1 outlines the major variables that might be used in segmenting consumer markets. Here we look at the major geographic , demographic, psychographic, and behavioral variables. Geographic | | | |World region or country North America, West Europe, Middle east, Pacific rim, China, India, Canada | |Country region Pacific, Mountain, West north central, West south central, East north central, | |East south central, South atlantic, Middle atlantic, New England. | | |City or metro size Under 5000;5000-20000;20000-50000;50000-100000;100000-250000; | |250000-5000000;500000-1000000 | |Destiny Urban, suburban, rural | |Climate Northern, southern | |Demographic | |Age Under 6;6-11;12-19;20-34;35-49;50-64;65+ |Gender male, female | |Family size 1-2;3-4;5+ | |Family life cycle Young, single, Young married, no children, Young married with children, | |Older, married with children, older married no children | | | |Income Under10000;10000-20000;20000-30000;30000-50000;50000-100000 | |Occupation Professional and technical;managers;officials;proprietors;clerical;sales; | |Crafts people; supervisors;operatives | |Education Grade school or less;some high school;high school graduate;some college | |Race Asian;Hispanic;black;white | |Generation Baby boomer. Generation x, generation y | |Religion catholic, protestant, jewish, muslim, hindu, other | |Nationality North American, South American, British, French, German, Italian, Japanese | |Psychographic | |Social class Lower lowers, upper lowers, working class, middle class, upper middles | |, upper uppers | | | |Life style Achievers, strivers, survivors | |Personality Compulsive, gregarious, authoritarian, ambitious | |Behavioral |Occasions Regular occasion, Special occasion | |Benefits Quality, service, economy, convenience, speed | |User status Nonuser, ex-user, potential user, first time user, regular user | |User rates Light user, medium, user, heavy user | |Loyalty status None, medium, strong, absolute | |Readiness stage Unaware, aware, informed, interested, desirous | |Attitude toward product Enthusiastic, positive, indifferent, negative, hostile | Segmenting Business Markets Consumer and business marketers use many of the same variables to segment their markets. Business bu yers can be segmented geographically, demographically, or by benefit sought, user status, user rate and loyalty status. Yet business marketers also use some additional variables, such as customer operating characteristics, purchasing approaches , situational factors and personal characteristic. By going after segments instead of the whole market, companies can deliver the just the right value proposition to each segment served and capture more value in return. Requirements for Effective Segmentation: Clearly, there are many ways to segment a market, but not all segmentations are effective. For example, buyers of table salt could be divided into blond and brunette customers. Target Markets The second important part of the STP process is to determine which, if any, of the segments uncovered should be targeted and made the focus of a comprehensive marketing programme. Ultimately, managerial discretion and judgement determines which markets are selected and exploited and which others are ignored. Kotler (1984) suggested that in order for market segmentation to be effective, all segments must be: †¢ Distinct—is each segment clearly different from other segments? If so, different marketing mixes, to use the traditional approach to marketing, will be necessary. †¢ Accessible—can buyers be reached through appropriate promotional programmes and distribution channels? †¢ Measurable—is the segment easy to identify and measure? †¢ Profitable—is the segment sufficiently large to provide a stream of constant future revenues and profits? This approach to the evaluation of market segments is often referred to by the DAMP acronym, making it easier to remember. Another approach to evaluating market segments uses a rating approach for different segment attractiveness factors, such as market growth, segment profitability, segment size, competitive intensity within the segment, and the cyclical nature of the industry (e. g. whether or not the business is seasonal, e. g. retailing, or dependent on government political cycles as some large-scale defence contracts are). Each of these segment attractiveness factors is rated on a scale of 0–10 and loosely categorized in the high, medium, or low columns, based on either set criteria, or subjective criteria, dependent on the availability of market and customer data and the approach adopted by the managers undertaking the segmentation programme. [pic] ? Six steps in market segmentation, targeting and positioning Differentiation Positioning Strategies Marketers can follow several positioning . strategies. These strategies use associations to change consumers’ perception of products. Product attrilmtes position many technical products. The positioning of Ericssons EH237 mobile phone is its Low weight and number $ features, while much of BMW’s advertising promotes individual technical items- like fresh air filters. In the exclusive watch market Breitling. Baume Mercier and Audemars Piguet’s positioning are on their mechanical movements. Some of their designs leave the mechanisms exposed and one ad argues ‘Since 1735 there has never been a quartz Rlanepain. And there never will be. ‘ The benefits they offer or the needs they fill position many products – Crest toothpaste reduces cavities. Aim tastes good and Macleans Sensitive relieves the pain of sensitive teeth. In the confectionery industry, Italian Gaci and Ferrero Rocher are gifts, while Mars and Snickers bars satisfy hunger. Huhtamaki is Finland’s largest industrial company but LEAF, its confectionery division, is only ten in size worldwide. It developed competitive advantage Marketing Services to remain flexible has also led to firms hiring services that provide use without ownership. Finally, an increasing number of firms are keen to focus on their core competences. They are beginning to contract out non-core activities, such as warehousing and transportation, thus stimulating the growth of specialist business service organizations. All these developments have, in turn, led to a growing interest in the special problems of marketing services. Brand Positioning: Marketers need to position their brands clearly in target customers minds. They can position brands at any of three levels. Branding poses challenging decision. *Sample of marketing strategy of stock market consulting firm Finance Hauler Lead life less tension Our company is an service providing company. The goal of our company is to provide service , provide information about stock market in exchange of a particular fee. Ours is an unique company, so far. We are targeting specific segments in the consumers and business markets, taking the opportunity of current situation of stock market. The primary objective is to serve in Rajshahi, shaheb bazaar, then it will be scattered in the whole country, where broker houses stands. In business there is a chance of loss and also profit, we will try to make profit from the first year. Question may arise why this type of consultancy firm? The answer is the present condition of stock market. The main reason behind this is lack of proper knowledge about stock market. Investors doesnt know where to invest and when to invest. Our duty is to make him clear. As Bangladesh is a capital deficiency country, so the capital we have need to invest properly. As we are the student of Finance Banking , our duty is to analyze the stock market, that’s why we have planned to open such type of firm. At present some brokerage house ICB some provide information to their investors un officially. These informations are not so profitable. But there is no specialized firm who provide proper information about stock market, that’s why we intended to open such a consulting firm. By describing the targeted segments in detail, it can be said that our firm will satisfy the customers need, want, and their demand , as we have planned to scatter it in the every city of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a capital defficiency country. As peoples save less consumption more , so we need to invest the savings into right sector, We will provide information to invest in the profitable sector. So at a time the economy of Bangladesh will be increased. The standard of living of common people will be raised. The growth and development of our country will be accelerated. As we will open a firm we need specialised employees by recruiting whom we will help them to lead a better life. Features of our service : A product or service need three characteristics 1. Unique 2. Price 3. Availability According to these characteristics our service or product is perfect. Its unique. By our effort and efficiency it will be available in the whole country after a year or two year, As it is a era of globalization , anyone can get our service by using internet or telephone service from anywhere. We will take a minimum fee for registration and membership which will be easy to pay by the clients. Marketing planning aims and objectives Behind the corporate objectives, which in themselves offer the main context for the marketing plan, will lie the â€Å"corporate mission,† which in turn provides the context for these corporate objectives. In a sales-oriented organization, the marketing planning function designs incentive pay plans to not only motivate and reward frontline staff fairly but also to align marketing activities with corporate mission. This â€Å"corporate mission† can be thought of as a definition of what the organization is, of what it does: â€Å"Our business is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This definition should not be too narrow, or it will constrict the development of the organization; a too rigorous concentration on the view that â€Å"We are in the business of making meat-scales,† as IBM was during the early 1900s, might have limited its subsequent development into other areas. On the other hand, it should not be too wide or it will become meaningless; â€Å"We want to make a profit† is not too helpful in developing specific plans. Abell suggested that the definition should cover three dimensions: â€Å"customer groups† to be served, â€Å"customer needs† to be served, and â€Å"technologies† to be used. Thus, the definition of IBM’s â€Å"corporate mission† in the 1940s might well have been: â€Å"We are in the business of handling accounting information [customer need] for the larger US organizations [customer group] by means of punched cards [technology]. † Perhaps the most important factor in successful marketing is the â€Å"corporate vision. † Surprisingly, it is largely neglected by marketing textbooks, although not by the popular exponents of corporate strategy – indeed, it was perhaps the main theme of the book by Peters and Waterman, in the form of their â€Å"Superordinate Goals. † â€Å"In Search of Excellence† said: â€Å"Nothing drives progress like the imagination. The idea precedes the deed. If the organization in general, and its chief executive in particular, has a strong vision of where its future lies, then there is a good chance that the organization will achieve a strong position in its markets (and attain that f uture). This will be not least because its strategies will be consistent and will be supported by its staff at all levels. In this context, all of IBM’s marketing activities were underpinned by its philosophy of â€Å"customer service,† a vision originally promoted by the charismatic Watson dynasty. The emphasis at this stage is on obtaining a complete and accurate picture. Needs and corresponding features/benefits of Finance Hauler : Targeted segment |Customer need |Corresponding feature | |Professionals |. Time saving and Holiday scheme|. Usually professionals are busy so they need time less consuming scheme and information, | |(consumer market) | |and in holiday they will get informations. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |. Students have less money so they need fast moving but less price share information, as | |Students |. Seminar and money saving |they know less they will get free seminar discussion. |(consumer market) |scheme | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |. Lazy money investment scheme |. They need to secure their retirement pension money, from which they will get fast profit| |Retired person | |and stable market. |(consumer market) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |. Special scheme | | | | |. Women are totally unaware about stock market but they can make a great contribution in | |Women | |country economy by investing their small savings into stock market. We have a special | |(consumer market) | |scheme and care for women. | Competitive review: As our firm is new and unique, so far no competitor in our sector. This type of business is unavailable in our country. At future there may be competitor but now no one. Distribution review : Distribution review needs distribution channels for a product. As our service is unique so there is no better distribution channel. We have to advertise through television , radio , news paper etc. And most importantly through brokerage house. We will distribute handbills and posters. SWOT analysis: Strengths : Our strengths depends on the followings * Innovative service *Security *Pricing Weakness : Weakness are internal elements that may interfere with the company’s ability to achieve its objectives. The weakness of our firm is only the brand awareness. Opportunities : *Increased public demand *Lower technology cost. Threats : *At present no competitor so far but near future there may be competitor then there will rise our threat. Short run objectives : * First we will open our firm in Rajshahi to provide service. *Try to increase member *Profit maximization Long run objectives : *Scatter our services all over the country *Wealth maximization Issues : In relation to the service launch; issue is the ability to establish a well regarded brand name linked to a meaningful positioning. We must invest heavily in marketing to create a memorable and distinctive brand image projecting innovation, quality and value. Marketing Research Development: In this segment how marketing research will be used to support development, implementation and evaluation of strategies and action programs. As our service on stock market, we mainly focus on capital market, economic conditions, performance of companies’ research development. Action programs: Action programs should be coordinated with the resources and activities of other services. The first action is to know about the capital market to the people. Then make a positive concept about stock market and how to gain in the market in short run and long run. Budgets: Budgets serve two main purposes: one is to project profitability and another to help managers plan for expenditures ,scheduling and operations related to each action program. In our services We need a flat for our office purchasing furniture, equipments and other elements. Controls: Controls help management assess results after the plan is implemented identify any problems or performance variations and initiate corrective action. We are developing contingency plans to address fast-moving, new technology and new competition. ———————– Build profitable relationships and create customer delight Construct an integrated marketing program that delivers superior value Design a customer-driven marketing strategy Understand the market place and customer needs and wants Customer relationship management: build strong relationships with chosen customers Product and service design: build strong brands Select customers to serve market segmentation and targeting Research customers and the marketplace Pricing: create real value Manage marketing information and customer data Decide on a value proposition: differentiation and positioning Customer relationship management build strong relationships with chosen customers Distribution: manage demand and supply chains Partner relationship management: build strong relationships with marketing partners Promotion: communicate the value proposition ———————– 2 How to cite Market Positioning of New Product, Papers

Business Law Clarification on Apparent Authority Partnership

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Apparent Authority Partnership. Answer: 1. Issues Given that Andria is a partner in the accounting firm and has acted outside the agreement but fulfilled her duties as an agent. Should Tom and Edgar sue the accounting firm as a business since they were not aware of the partners agreement or sue Andria? Given that the firm was not dealing with issues of survey, should Edgar be paid by the firm given that Adrian acted based on personal interest? Has Adrian acted on the basis of apparent authority or has she breached the partnership agreement? Did Adrian violate the partnership fiduciary duties by purchasing the items for the business without disclosure to other partners making them not responsible for the payment? Law In the case that a partnership business is not bond to restrictions as well as limitations within partnership business, each partner is mandated in the partnership to act as each other representative (Latimer, 2014).). The agreement among Adrian, Aiden and peter indicates clearly the kind of authority they should express. They have agreement that no member is allowed to carry out an investment going beyond $10000 and that amount exciding that should needs prior agreement. According to part 5(1) on the relation between partners and the third party act, there is partners power that binds their business (Comair-Obeid, 1996). The act performed by a partner within the authority binds all partners to the third party like in edgers case (Emerson, 2009). This section states that any act performed by a member of within the purpose of the business binds all partners to the third party whether the outsider is aware of the agreement or not. The provision of s 5(1) has relevant implications on the partnership business. It states that in the absence of other partners the available partner has the authority to act on behalf of other partners. The ostensible authority granted to partners is however restricted by the kind of business in practice. Purchase of a personal asset is not within the business concern and the buyer is responsible for the payments alone. Section 7 states that an act performed without the business is the partner concern. For instance if Adrian could have purchased the item as her property the peter and Aiden should not pay for the assets but Adrian herself. The second advantage is to the third party who can sue the business and the court would act in his or her favor based on unawareness (Paquin, 2012). This section protects the third party even if the partner acts past his express authority limits. The third party has a right if he can prove that he was not aware of the terms of agreement among the pa rtners. If the other partners cannot prove the third party was aware then they has to pay for the purchases. The s 5 (1) allow the third party to make a case and win. In case of no clear statement on the agreement all the partners are responsible for the payment. A clear example of third party unawareness is the judgment by the Mercantile Credit Ltd v Garrod [1962] 3 All ER 1103, a case in which two mechanic partners had condition of not dealing with selling of cars and one of them did sell a car. The other partner was held accountable since the court favored the third party based on the agency law and section 5(1) of the third party relation to the partnership. A third party has got also a write to sue individual partner since if other partners provide evidence showing that the outsider was aware of the terms of agreement (Emerson, 2009). The act of Adrian can also be viewed in the perspective of a breach of fiduciary duty and compensate Tom and Edgar alone. Application Tom and Edgar can either hold the partnership liable based on the aspect of section 5(1). They can sue Aiden, Peter and Adrian basing their argument on unawareness of the partnership agreement. Even though Adrian acted beyond the terms of their agreement which states that any investment above $ 10000 needs prior agreement. it is possible that the court will rule on the side of offender which in this case is Tom and Edgar. They can win the case and receive their payment if they can prove that they had no knowledge on the partnership agreement. But in case Aiden and Peter can approve that they were aware then it will force them to take another course and sue Adrian as an individual. Tom and Edgar can also take the Adrian to court as an individual. The same section of the act gives Peter and Aiden an opportunity which unbound them from the transaction. The act states that an act conducted by a partner outside the agreed express authority is out of their concern and the court would on th eir favor. Considering Edgars , he has the right of compensation since the amount agreed for his items fall below the agreement and can claim that Adrian acted according to the law of agency. It is likely that he can win the case based on the law of agency (Latimer, 2014).). Since the price agreed was within the terms of the partnership. The business should pay him $8000 which is amount less than $ 10000 which is stipulated in the partnership agreement. In case the other partners defend themselves claiming that Adrian breached the partnership fiduciary duties. Then it is advisable the two to sue Adrian as an individual to get their payment. Conclusion It is advisable for Tom and Edgar to sue the partnership as per the section 5(1) of partnership relation to the third party. For them to win the case they have to prove that they were not aware of conditions of the partnership agreement. They can also sue Adrian as an individual and claim their payment according to section 5(1) under the commonwealth law. 2. Issue Being that Richard has started a business and operates in the areas which were not allowed by their contract with the Nu-slim ltd. should he compensate company or not. Is it right that the wants to sue him for contract breach. Is it a breach of contract or not? Is the breach a warranty or conditional breach of contract? Should Richard quit his business? Is Richard the owner of the business or the sister,if yes how can he defend himself against Nu-slim ltd? Law It is evident that Richard has breached the contract and can apply the holding act not to be held responsible for his actions as per the agreement terms. It is also clear that the terms of Richard and his employer are of unfair terms (Helewitz, 2010). Section 23(1) of the ACL prevents the term of agreement between the two parties since the terms are unfair. There is proper procedure put in place in case the terms of agreement violates other partys rights. Richard is allowed by the law to defend himself against the penalty of breach. Court allows a contract breach defendant affirmative mechanism to defend themselves against the penalty or damage. The rule does not work based on original claims like Richard getting involve in a business which he is more like the owner ending up breaching a contract (Steele, 2007). This is evident in the case of a young musician Dodd who enters into an agreement and fails to show up for the event. The court later ruled on his favor. He asserts the affir mative law and claims that he had no authority to make an agreement because he is a junior. Since Richard has received the notice letter he should therefore see the attorney. Act 1977UCTA has two clauses with two methods of managing the problems under ss 2- 7. The clauses demands that the cause of the breach must be during the time of once duty and only applies to business liability (Latimer, CCH Australia Limited, 2011). According to Australian law stipulated in the act of Pierre v Apand (1999) 198 CLR 180 Richard can be considered in by the court if he can seek the advice of attorney in prior. The law states that the court will give considerations to a number where in most cases the decision is must. The court will check the proximity and foresee ability of the harm. They will review the other Ares in the company where cases have happened (Nass O'Brien, 2013). The contract between Nu slim and Richard is not clear whether it is a warranty or a condition. Since the company never stated how important the contract was to them it therefore the courts liability. If in case the contract is warranty the breach is less serious and can (Australian Capital Territory, 2001)). The court is therefore obligated to determine most of relevant authorities. In viewing whether the breach is anticipatory or actual. Richard is permitted to take several alternative defenses by the law. The alternative includes illegality of the contract, estoppels,lack of capacity, unconscionable or indefinite. In considering of the contract between the bank and fat away ltd the Richard is not obligated to pay the bank the refunds since he did not sign the contract and the contract he assigned with the Nu slim company in consideration to partnership act (Higgins,1970).. Since Richard has left everything for France who performs all legal duties of the business, the business is more like his sisters business and cannot be sued. It is therefore advisable that he remains dormant in the avoid court penalty. In the case of the bank, Richard is not bound to the contract since he never signed the contract (Pollock Mulla, 1934). Richard can also defend himself in the court basing his argument on the validity of the contract between him and the Nu-slim company. Application It is advisable for Richard to take a stand based on the affirmative clause and defend himself. He has a number of alternatives to choose from and win the case. He can take defense based on unfairness of the terms and its possible the court would rule on his favor depending on how he can apply it. The defense based on conscionable states that no contract is valid if the terms of contract are seriously unfair to Richard (Bhat, 2009). The company takes advantage of him by forcing unfavorable clauses on him because it posses more power. Richard can also claim that he acted without knowledge on what he was doing. The breach defense mechanism allows him to claim that he had no capacity to sign the contract. The court is likely to pass judgment on his side as in the musicians case. . It is possible for the court to rule on his favor based on the partnership act. Richard has obligated all duties to his sister making France to the owner of the business by the partnership act. In consideration to the contract between Fat away and the bank Richard can defend himself since he did not sign the agreement (Bailey, 2009)). The contract was assigned by the sister who is the CEO of the company. Conclusion It is evident that Richard has breached the contracts by the law. Even though there is a breach by Richard the case cannot be won by the company based on the affirmative law of defense as per the law. The bank on the other hand can sue him since the sister has also legal rights on the business and perform all the signings on behalf of the company ( Pollock IMulla ,1934). References In Pollock, F., In Mulla, D. F. (1934). Indian Partnership Act: With a commentary, critical and explanatory. Calcutta: Eastern Law House. Bailey, P. H. (2009). The human rights enterprise in Australia and internationally. Chatswood, N.S.W: LexisNexis Buttersworths. Higgins, P. F. P. (1970). The law of partnership in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney: Law Book Co. Australian Capital Territory. (2001). Compact: Community partnership ACT Government : the first step. Canberra: Community Policy Unit, Chief Minister's Dept. Rozenberg, P. (1998). Australian guide to uniform legal citation. North Ryde, N.S.W: LBC Information Services. Latimer, P. (2014). Essential Australian business law. Vickery, R., Flood, M. A. (2012). Australian business law: Compliance and practice. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia. Latimer, P. S., CCH Australia Limited. (2011). Australian business law 2012. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia. Emerson, R. W. (2009). Business law. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's Educational Series. Biederman, D. E. (2007). Law and business of the entertainment industries. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers. Nash, R. C., Schooner, S. L., O'Brien-DeBakey, K. R. (2013). The government contracts reference book: A comprehensive guide to the language of procurement. Comair-Obeid, N. (1996). The law of business contracts in the Arab Middle East: A theoretical and practical comparative analysis (with particular reference to modern legislation). London: Kluwer Law International. Bhat, S. (2009). Law of business contracts in India. Los Angeles: SAGE. Paquin, J. (2012). Legal reform and business contracts in developing economies: Trust, culture, and law in Dakar. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate. Alghamdi, A. M. (2011). Law of e-commerce: E-contracts, e-business. Bloomington, IN: Authorhouse. Helewitz, J. A. (2010). Basic contract law for paralegals. Austin [Tex.: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Steele, J. (2007). Tort law: Text, cases, and materials. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Implementing Groupware Systems

A groupware is computer software that is devised to help people who engage in doing the same task to reach their goals. Individuals may not be in the same locality, but they are connected by the Internet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Implementing Groupware Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Data is accessed remotely, which is retrieved and modified by distributed workgroups, and this creates collaborative workgroups. This paper focuses on the most important things to do in the implementation of a groupware in an organization: these include collaboration through communication, process analysis and justification, and training and people involvement. Hills (2008) argues that groupware balances communication and conversation. Communication between the group members is essential because it allows transfer of ideas from one person in a different locality to another; information can be exchanged in a well organ ized manner. When devising a groupware, it is important to build both formal and informal communication channels. Groupware helps to make communication easy, clearer, and faster. This technology makes communication possible even to the places that it would not be possible. It enables telecommuting where people are able to save travel costs and consolidate different ideas in discussions and expertise because it enables the formation of groups with the same interest, and with different outlooks on problem solving rather than meeting face to face (Bruce, 2008). Additionally, groupware supports the people that make a team, especially in decision making process. Teams are composed of members from different countries and continents and some even use different languages. Brainstorming is important because it facilitates exchange of ideas. Groupware also supports multi user editing of documents with white boards and chats, and collaborative media software also allows simultaneous users to m ake and build information in a website. Similarly, Strom (n.d) affirms that process analysis and justification of change is also important when designing a groupware. This is because these processes should be designed with the goal of supporting system usage and improving the processes, the costs involved and plans are laid down to meet the goals and objectives of an organization (Miller, n.d). All the group members should be able to understand that the new system is meant to improve their work. In designing of the system, users evaluate the system model in real work practice so that further developments can be made according to users experience or further needs. Cooperation of the group members is essential because they are the end users.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Groupware will be successful only when employees agree to use it. This may sometimes fail because employe rs may use them to downsize or to replace employees, and those who remain may fear job loss and become insecure. The organization should make the employee to understand that the implementation of the groupware is meant to help them. The concept of sharing is important and it is essential to train people because some may resist. This resistance may come from some individuals in departments that store information, and they think that it gives them power because they fear to lose their status. However, people are comfortable doing things as they have been doing and it takes time for the system designers to make them accept because they see it as disruption from the normal to the worse. Before the implementation of the system, the concerns of those who will take part should be considered. People should be involved from the beginning to the end. This can only be achieved by building teams and collaborative cultures. This helps people to get to know one another even before they start work ing as a group. It involves change from the old culture to a new one, which supports collaboration; the organization should make sure that employees feel secure working as a group. Furthermore, good communication is essential in the process of groupware implementation. When people are helped throughout the change process they see the need to have a new system. This is achieved by training the employees and also having specialized training programs to cater for each users needs, thus making them understand how groupware improves their work (Hills, 2005). After the implementation, the groupware system is tested and pilot runs are done to determine whether it is working properly. Users use it to identify any challenges or difficulties for further improvements. If the system is approved, the group members immediately start using it. Training continues until the users get contented with the new system. In conclusion, organizations should consider how groupware adds value to business proc esses, and think about implementing it. This can be successful when the organization is aware of the existing system, cultures, norms and what people think about sharing. By understanding all these, conflicts are avoided. Organization performance gets better with less time in marketing because one advantage of groupware is the ability to cut down on time for meetings and decision making to allow more time on satisfying customer needs and hence, increasing customer satisfaction and putting the organization into a competitive edge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Implementing Groupware Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Bruce, H. (2008). Groupware Collaboration. New York: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. Hills, H. (2005). What’s so hard about Groupware? Networking Computers is easy Compared to Networking People.  Ã‚  Intranet Journal.  Ã‚  Web. Miller, J. (2005). Groupware: What Works the Way Businesses Do?  Ã‚  Buzzle.com. Web. Strom, D. (n.d). Groupware: Ready or Not. Retrieved from http://www.strom.com/pubwork/jf95.html This essay on Implementing Groupware Systems was written and submitted by user Nia Murray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Tips for Using Research Note Cards

10 Tips for Using Research Note Cards Many teachers require students to use note cards to collect information for their first big term paper assignment. While this practice may seem old fashioned and out of date, it is actually still the best method for collecting research.   You will use research note cards to collect all the information necessary to write your term paperwhich includes the details you need for your bibliography notes. You should take extreme care as you create these note cards, because any time you leave out a single detail, you are creating  more work for yourself. You will have to visit each source again if you leave out essential information the first time around. Remember that citing every source completely and correctly is critical for success. If you dont cite a source, you are guilty of plagiarism! These tips will help you collect research and write  a successful paper. Start with a fresh pack of research note cards. Large, lined cards are probably best, especially if you want to make your own detailed personal notes. Also, consider color coding your cards by topic to keep your paper organized from the start.Devote an entire note card to each idea or note. Dont try to fit two sources (quotes and notes) on one card. No sharing space!Gather more than you need. Use the library and the Internet to find potential sources for your research paper. You should continue to research until you have quite a few potential sources- about three times as many as your teacher recommends.Narrow down your sources. As you read your potential sources, you will find that some are helpful, others are not, and some will repeat the same information you already have. This is how you narrow your list down to include the most solid sources.Record as you go. From each source, write down any notes or quotes that could be useful in your paper. As you take notes, try to paraphras e all the information. This reduces the chances of committing accidental plagiarism. Include everything. For each note you will need to record authors name, the title of reference (book, article, interview, etc.), reference publication information, to include publisher, date, place, year, issue, volume, page number, and your own personal comments.Create your own system and stick to it. For instance, you may want to pre-mark each card with spaces for each category, just to make sure you dont leave anything out.Be exact. If at any time you write down information word for word (to be used as a quote), be sure to include all punctuation marks, capitalizations, and breaks exactly as they appear in the source. Before you leave any source, double-check your notes for accuracy.If you think it might be useful, write it down. Dont ever, ever pass over information because youre just not sure whether it will be useful! This is a very common and costly mistake in research. More often than not, you find that the passed-over tidbit is critical to your paper, and then theres a go od chance  you wont find it again. Avoid using abbreviations and code words as you record notes - especially if you plan to quote. Your own writing can look completely foreign to you later. Its true! You may not be able to understand your own clever codes after a day or two, either.

Favorite Place Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Favorite Place - Personal Statement Example The fascination for Hawaii grew more and more after watching every new episode. One odd day, I asked my Dad if he could send me on a vacation to Hawaii. Although I wasn't too optimistic but I was astonished when he agreed and brought the tickets the very same day. After a long flight, I woke up with the biggest smile because I was in Hawaii. I found heaven at twenty-one degrees North and one hundred fifty-six degrees West, in the Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is heaven. I was in love with this place right at my first glance. From the scenic volcanoes to the picturesque coral reefs, Hawaii is picture perfect. The milieu is immaculate to showcase the contrasting nature. Even the most fastidious people on earth would find it difficult to argue. With the advent of the sun in the morning, I put on my freshly made orchid lei. I enjoy smelling the sweet, floral aroma all day long. The beach appeared tailored to hug the waves of the ocean. I strolled on the beach and could easily spend the entire day over it either listening to my IPOD or simply reading a book. The warm, soft sand is brownish-tan in color, and it feels so good when my feet sink into it. I love hearing the brilliantly blue ocean calling out to me with its mellifluous voice. The beach also has a very distinct smell, the mixture of tropical tanning oils and the salty ocean water.

MSc Managerial Finance RESIT ASSIGNMENT JUNE 2013

MSc Managerial Finance RESIT JUNE 2013 - Assignment Example Ratio analysis is considered to be a very accurate and reliable tool when it comes to analyzing and interpret the financial outlook and performance of an entity. The main reason for performing a ratio analysis is to quantify the results of the financial operations of an entity and analyze them in the light of financial performance of the prior year(s) in order to assess different aspects of the financial feasibility. [Peavler, R. (2001)] The financial ratios are usually divided into various sub categories such as profitability, gearing and liquidity, each put emphasis on a different area of the financial outlook of the organization. These analyses form an integral part of the financial statement analysis, especially from the investor’s point of view, which are always looking for avenues to invest in countries having strengthened and stabilized financial ratios and representing an upward trend. It is of great significance that the ratios must be benchmarked against a standard i n order for them to possess a meaning. Keeping that into account, the comparison is usually conducted between companies portraying same business and financial risks, between industries and between different time periods of the same company. [Investopedia.com (2012] The financial ratio performance of The GAME Group Plc has been evaluated for the last three years in order to draw attention to various financial trends and significant changes over the period. The analysis is divided into three main categorize namely Profitability, Liquidity and Gearing. Profitability ratios identify how efficiently and effectively a company is utilizing its resources and how successful it has been in generating a desired rate of return for its shareholders and investors. Liquidity ratios measure the ability of the company to quickly convert its asset into liquid cash to settle its short term liabilities. Whereas, the Gearing ratios identifies the extent to which the company is financed through debt and to what degree the operations are being conducted from the finance raised through raising equity capital or otherwise. For the purpose of financial ratio analysis, the financial year from 2011-2009 has been evaluated in order to analyze the financial outlook of The GAME Group Plc. The information has been extracted from the annual report of the company. Profitability Ratios    2011 2010 2009    Profitability Ratios Gross profit margin 26.30% 27.80% 26.14% Net profit margin 1.75% 5.00% 6.31% ROI 2.33% 9.23% 11.48% ROCE 4.79% 18.24% 29.22% Gross profit margin is an analyzing tool which assists in identifying how effectively and efficiently the company is utilizing its raw materials [1], variable cost related to labor and fixed costs such as rent and depreciation of property plant and equipment. The ratio is calculated by dividing the sales revenue by the gross profit. If we analyze the gross profit margin trend of The GAME Group Plc it appears that there is decline in the percenta ge over the last financial year. The gross profit margin was the lowest in the financial year 2009 when the gross profit

Recommendation of Coca Cola based on performing various valuation models

Recommendation of Coca Cola based on performing various valuation models The recommendation of Coca-Cola Company is based on performing various valuation models, which include HR practices, economic profit analysis, relative valuation and a fundamental price to earnings valuation model that revealed the Coca-Cola Company to be overvalued. Even though they find the stock to be overvalued and they feel that KO has some promising outlooks as well as possible challenges in the near future and they want to recommend it as a hold instead of a sell. The Coca-Cola Company is the #1 company within the non-alcoholic beverages industry. They have a 20- year standing of being the leader and investors know that the Coca-Cola Company has an extraordinary reputation for maximizing shareholder value. Opportunities that exist for the company in the future is expanding market share in the non-carbonated beverages segment, a restructuring of their business model, and better consistency of earnings results. A challenge that the Coca-Cola Company is facing is the struggle with their global competitors in the fact that their HR practices are greater and less than coke. If coke wants to more reputation in the world they must produce more incentives for employees from which they more done work hard and produce good quality. Their new management team needs to work on implementing cohesive goals between the two to reach the Coca-Cola Companys long-term growth potential. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION Mission and vision 5 History 7 4 Brands/product line 14 5 Total quality management 16 6 Environment of coca cola 16 7 Health and Nutrition 18 8 Management of coca cola in Gujranwala 19 9 Departmentalization 27 10 Human Resource Management 29 11 Job analysis and designs 30 12 Planning and forecast 30 13 Recruitment and selection 31 14 Training process 32 15 Performance and appraisal 33 16 Compensation and benefits 34 17 Employees relationship 35 18 Safety policy 36 19 Recommendation and Suggestion 37 INTRODUCTION Founded in 1886, the coca-cola company is the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The companys corporate headquarters are in Atlanta, with local operations in over 200 countries around the world. Although Coca-Cola was first created in the United States, it quickly became popular wherever it went. Our first international bottling plants opened in 1906 in Canada, Cuba and Panama, soon followed by many more. Today, we produce more than 300 brands. More than 70 percent of our income comes from outside the U.S., but the real reason we are a truly global company is that our products meet the varied taste preferences of consumers everywhere. MISSION STATEMENT To benefit and refresh everyone it touches and to create values for our share owner on a long term basis by building a business that enhances the coco-cola company trade marks According to Gujranwala plant: To have a strong, dominant profitable business in Pakistan. VISION All of us in the Coca-Cola family wake up each morning knowing that every single one of the worlds 5.6 billion people will get thirsty that day and that we are the ones with the best opportunity to refresh them. Our task is simple: make Coca-Cola and our other products available, affordable, and acceptable to them, quenching their thirst and providing them a perfect moment of relaxation. If we do this if we make it impossible for these 5.6 billion people to escape Coca-Cola then we assure our future success for many years to come. Doing anything else is not an option. According to Gujranwala Plant: To create value for our share holders We are committed to: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Building preference market leadership for our brands à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Achieve quality excellence and serve our customers with quality products. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maximizing profits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing People à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Optimum utilization of assets Shared Values: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ WE VALUE RESPECT OUR PEOPLE à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ WE COMMUNICATE OPENLY à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ WE HAVE INTEGRITY à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ WE ARE COMMITTED TO WINNING Beliefs: There is much in our world to celebrate, refresh, strengthen and protect. The Coca-Cola Company is a vibrant network of people, in nearly 200 countries, putting citizenship into action. Through our actions as local citizens, we strive every day to refresh the marketplace, enrich the workplace, protect the environment and strengthen our communities. We are a local employer, with responsibility to enable our people to tap into their full potential; working at their innovative best and representing the diversity of the world we serve. We are an investor in local economies and a driver of marketplace innovation, with a responsibility to act as a good steward of our natural environment. A local citizen, understanding our responsibility to contribute to an improved quality of life in our communities BRANDS / PRODUCT LINE In 2002, Coca-Cola added pop to a category that many believed had lost its fizz in North America. In May, after just six months in development, Vanilla Coke became the first extension of the Coca- Cola brand since 1985 and immediately generated profitable volume. Vanilla Coke helped boost sales of Coca-Cola branded beverages while inviting new consumers to rediscover the cola category through a completely original flavor experience. In product formulation, the Vanilla Coke team struck a balance that lets the taste of Coca-Cola come through-intriguingly new, yet undeniably Coca-Cola. Already one of our top 10 brands in the United States, Vanilla Coke is performing well in its initial international markets-including Australia and New Zealand, with more countries planning launches for 2003. In response to consumer demand, diet Vanilla Coke was introduced to the U.S. marketplace in October, just three-and-a-half months after it was given the green light. In 2002, we also celebrated the 2 0th anniversary of diet Coke and the expansion of diet Coke with lemon, which made strong debuts in several international markets after its U.S. launch in 2001. In March 1923, Coca-Cola was sold in a 6-bottle carton for the first time in New Orleans, Louisiana. Today, products of The Coca-Cola Company are consumed at the rate of more than one billion drinks per day. Major Brands: There are 323 brands of coca-cola. Out of which there are 7 brands of coke in Pakistan. Two brands Lemon and Strawberry are recently introduced products of Coca-cola in Pakistan. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) Passion for Quality: Our reputation is built on trust. Through good citizenship we will nurture our relationships and continue to build that trust. That is the essence of our promise The Coca-Cola Company exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches. Wherever Coca-Cola does business, we strive to be trusted partners and good citizens. We are committed to managing our business around the world with a consistent set of values that represent the highest standards of integrity and excellence. We share these values with our bottlers, making our system stronger. These core values are essential to our long-term business success and will be reflected in all of our relationships and actions in the marketplace, the workplace, the environment and the community. Marketplace: We will adhere to the highest ethical standards, knowing that the quality of our products, the integrity of our brands and the dedication of our people build trust and strengthen relationships. We will serve the people who enjoy our brands through innovation, superb customer service, and respect for the unique customs and cultures in the communities where we do business. Workplace: We will treat each other with dignity, fairness and respect. We will foster an inclusive environment that encourages all employees to develop and perform to their fullest potential, consistent with a commitment to human rights in our workplace. The Coca-Cola workplace will be a place where everyones ideas and contributions are valued, and where responsibility and accountability are encouraged and rewarded. Environment: We will conduct our business in ways that protect and preserve the environment. We will integrate principles of environmental stewardship and sustainable development into our business decisions and processes. COMMUNITY: We will contribute our time, expertise and resources to help develop sustainable communities in partnership with local leaders. We will seek to improve the quality of life through locally relevant initiatives wherever we do business. Responsible corporate citizenship is at the heart of The Coca-Cola Promise. We believe that what is best for our employees, for the community and for the environment is also best for our business ENVIRONMENT OF COCA-COLA In the first decade of the new century, we face the challenge of a new environment, which is driven by a fundamental shift in international economic dynamics, the growing influence of technology and the fact that people increasingly expect more of large corporations. That challenge demands innovation. While we will always be disciplined by our purpose and our ideals, we must intensify our focus on innovation and create new ways to deliver the promise of Coca-Cola. In fact, in an era that is increasingly international and interconnected, we must pioneer a movement from a homogenous global approach to a highly tailored approach reflecting the unique character of our markets. This new approach will require: 1) Being innovative in our marketing, our brands and our consumer relationships 2) Collaborating more productively with our business partners 3) Changing some of the structures of our enterprise 4) Increasing our commitment to community and the environment Thus, we will reinvigorate our enterprise and bring to full life the unique spirit of Coca-Cola and our people. Such real renaissance of the Coca-Cola spirit will enable us to fulfill our purpose of delivering refreshment and benefit to everyone touched by our business. The Coca-Cola Company and our bottlers have been at the forefront in helping solve environmental, litter and solid waste issues for more than 20 years. We realize that we touch the lives of billions of people around the world and that our responsibility to them includes conducting our business in ways that help preserve the environment. Soft-drink packaging is the most recycled consumer package in the United States. Our system supports dozens of litter prevention organizations, including the Center for Marine Conservation and Keep America Beautiful. The Coca-Cola Company is a founding member of Keep America Beautiful. Whats more, weve been recycling at our headquarters for years, to the tune of thousands of pounds of waste annually. Weve donated more than $100,000 in proceeds from these recycling efforts to charities. Shaping new Products experiences with packaging and technology: As we created new products and fresh brand experiences in 2002, one fact became increasingly clear to us: Consumers are eager to see The Coca-Cola Company bring excitement to the marketplace. One simple innovation last year-the Fridge Packà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ -has changed the dimensions of 12-pack sales for us and for our bottling partners. This sleek, refrigerator-friendly pack is increasing consumer awareness and preference, accelerating consumption and case volume in markets where it has been introduced. From our packaging suppliers who assisted us and our bottlers in developing the Fridge Pack, to the retailers whose shelves were reconfigured to accept the new design, partnership made this innovation possible- and profitable. The future of our business in North America also evolved in 2002 with the continuing rollout of iFountain, the most advanced soft-drink dispensing system in the industry. iFountain gives our custome rs a technologically advanced fountain system that enhances available brand options, improves operating efficiency and automatically calibrates each drink served to assure consumers of a quality drink every time HR coca cola HEALTH AND NUTRITION GIFT Business School 18 Today, people are more concerned than ever about health and nutrition. They understand the importance of good nutrition and proper hydration and they also know that delicious foods and beverages are an enjoyable part of life. People have trusted and enjoyed soft drinks for more than 115 years, and they can continue to be confident about their favorite beverages. In this section, we answer many of the questions you may have about our family of beverages., We also take a look at how The Coca-Cola Company promotes a healthy active lifestyle through programs around the world that promote fun and physical activity. There is growing confusion about what constitutes a healthy diet. With so much conflicting information available about health and nutrition, it can be very difficult to determine what is accurate and what is not. The truth is that soft drinks and other beverages have a place in a healthy lifestyle. A healthy diet incorporates the basic principles of variety, balance and moderation without sacrificing enjoyment. Your Health Our Beverages: There is growing confusion about what constitutes a healthy diet. With so much conflicting information available about health and nutrition, it can be very difficult to determine what is accurate and what is not. The truth is that soft drinks and other beverages have a place in a healthy lifestyle. A healthy diet incorporates the basic principles of variety, balance and moderation without sacrificing enjoyment. Climate Change: The Coca-Cola Company takes the issue of global climate change very seriously. We have adopted a comprehensive policy aimed at reducing the environmental impact of our cooling equipment over time. By the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, we will no longer purchase new cold-drink equipment using hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), wherever cost-efficient alternatives are commercially available. Additionally, we will reduce the energy use of our individual equipment by 40-50 percent over the next ten years. As we developed our cooling equipment policy, we referred to the basic tenets of the Kyoto Protocol. While we support the scientific analysis and general objectives of the agreement, we believe that ratification of international treaties and protocols should be left to national political processes. By focusing on our own efforts to reduce greenhouse emissions, we hope to provide an example of how businesses can operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. MANAGEMENT OF COCA-COLA Following are the information about the management of Gujranwala plant. The factory is control by the BOM (Business operational manager) and under him eight Departments is working. Every Department is lad by a department Manager. The Departments of account is lead by the manager account and under him assist manager works. Who control the other employees of the department under him? Department of production and engineering is lead by the Prod. Eng. Manager. Under him work Mechanical Engineers Mechanical Supervisor and Assistant Production. Quality control department lead by the manager quality control. Under him working the chief chemist whos responsibility is to give the quality product to the customer. Sale marketing department is playing the important part in the growing market share in the country. That department led by the Sale marketing manager that department is further divided in the sale and marketing section. The marketing department is lead by the marketing manager and the sale section by sale manager. Sale men work under the sale manager F leet department control thetransport vehicle of the company the head of the department is Fleet manager and under him work the assistant fleet manager who manages the control over the transportation of the company. The distribution of the coca-cola around the Gujranwala region is the responsibility of distribution department, which is lead by the distribution Manager. Assistant distribution manager work under Him to full fill their duties. Human recourse and international affair department take control over the external environment of the company and help the in the growth of the company. That Department is lead by the Manager H.R.I.R. other executive work under his supervision. The R D Department plays the most important role in the development and the growth of the company. This Department is lead by the Manager RD. and Assistant Manger work under him. The total number of employees in the coca-cola Gujranwala Company is 236. To be specific the working environment in the company represents the companys culture in large. The culture is the shared values among the different people so the environment of the company is widely shared by its employees that conclude to form the companys culture. In the coming lines the working environment of the Gujranwala Coca-cola factory is described. Company culture:- The factors, which must be highlighted in this regard, are as follows: à ®Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ special training is given to employees, New employees also are placed with old ones to learn work and the values prevalent in the company, à ®Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ Two cups tea are free for every employee daily this represents the hospitable nature of the company, This factor keeps the employees motivated as they are taken well care this fact is clear by the physical actions took by the company, à ®Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ The company working environment is really a good blend of Asian and western values. Motivations for employees: Wages:- Coca-cola is providing smart wages to its employees, which are competitive and really satisfy its employees. As along with the wages they are provided with a lot of facilities and amenities. In brief structure of wages can be described like this blue collar workers are offered wages along with commission, sales man are offered wages plus commission pursuing certain criteria, White collar workers who are the officers and the executives draw a handsome amount of salary which is really competitive. Staffing and training: The Coca-Cola Company has always believed that education is a powerful force in improving the quality of life and creating opportunity for people and their families around the world. The Coca-Cola Company is committed to helping people make their dreams come true. All over the world, we are involved in innovative programs that give hard-working, knowledge-hungry students books, supplies, places to study and scholarships. From youth in Brazil to first generation scholars, educational programs in local communities are our priority. Annual Leaves:- Coca-cola international has different leaves structures in different regions and countries of the world where they have their company. Their leaves structure regarding Pakistan especially in Gujranwala Division Company is as follows: Designation Allowed leaves Supervisor 26 leaves per annum Above then Supervisor 26 leaves per annum Below supervisor 24 leaves per annum The above table shows simply how the leaves structure allows for the leaves and how well the employees are awarded with facility of getting their own personal time to manage their own problems. These leaves are authorized for the employees and these include the with pay leaves. This facility is really great which keeps the employees motivated and thrilled about their work. Time Management For Work:- Time management is the key to grow in this fast and furious century of growth and development, so therefore Coca-cola is doing at their best for this pivotal factor of managing time. To cover this segment of management they have divided the work in to shifts. For this purpose phenomenon of division of labor is contributing for its functioning. In Gujranwala Coca-Cola company has divided the shifts for the work in the following manner: They are managing the working time in two shifts. They can include some extra shift if there is demand but normally there are two shifts, which are explained in the following. 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. (all departments other then technical departments), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 4 p.m. to 12 p.m. (Technical department). These are the shifts in which the work in the factory is mostly conducted. Medical Facilities:- Medical facilities are of prime importance in any organization as the health of employees is in the benefit of the company as well as its the social responsibility of the company to provide nice and healthy work environment to its employees, These facilities are such facilities which can include first aid treatments, emergency handling problems, sickness, and other diseases which are fatal for a person. The Coca-Cola Company is providing Medical facilities to all its employees. These treatments are provided to employees as per their designations. The medical facilities are also provided to supervisors as well as the officers in the company. Employees our Asset: The heart and soul of our enterprise have always been our people. Over the past century, Coca-Cola people have led our successes by living and working with a consistent set of values. While the world and our business will continue to change rapidly, respecting these values will continue to be essential to our long-term success. As we have expanded over the decades, our company has benefited from the various cultural insights and perspectives of the societies in which we do business. Much of our future success will depend on our ability to develop a worldwide team that is rich in its diversity of thinking, perspectives, backgrounds and culture. We are determined to have a diverse culture, from top to bottom that benefit from the perspectives of each individual. Employee Forums: We believe that a sense of community enhances our ability to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent and ideas as a source of competitive business advantage. In the U.S., through employee forums, employees can connect with colleagues who share similar interests and backgrounds. In those forums and elsewhere, employees support each others personal and professional growth and enhance their individual and collective ability to contribute to the company. Forums that are currently active include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Administrative Professionals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ African-American à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Asian/Pacific-American à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gay Lesbian à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Latin à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Women Mentoring Programs: The Coca-Cola Company is creating a system of mentoring programs that include, one-on-one mentoring, group mentoring and mentoring self-study tools. Currently, Coca-Cola North America and The Minute Maid Company have one-on-one mentoring programs designed to foster professional growth and development. These HR coca cola GIFT Business School 26 Every year, the world produces billions of tons of waste. Recycling and reusing waste materials is absolutely crucial if we are to maintain the health and beauty of the earth. The Coca-Cola ® Company is working constantly toward coming up with smart, creative ways to reuse waste. Heres a glance at what were doing. To introduce innovative and environmentally friendly packaging, we Opened a breakthrough facility in Sydney, Australia for the worlds first PET bottles to be produced from recycled PET bottles. Today, one in four PET containers sold by our company in North America contains recycled content. Our Commitment To Diversity: Our commitment to diversity also extends into the community. Valuing our people helps us better meet the needs of our customers and partners. Through our people and our local bottling partners, we build relationships through local marketing, local civic programs and local business opportunities. Realizing the full potential of diversity has a direct impact on our company: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It improves our understanding of local markets; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It makes us a better employer and business partner; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It helps us compete more effectively; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It makes us better neighbors in our communities; and ultimately, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It builds value for our shareowners. Our company is energized with a new entrepreneurial operating culture, fueled by the twin engines of innovation and diversity. DEPARTMENTALIZATION: Following are the departments in Coca-cola company regarding to Gujranwala plant:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Human Resource and international relation department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Research and Development department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Account department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Engineering department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Production department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Quality Control department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Marketing department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Sale department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Fleet department. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Distribution department. Human Resource Management within Coca Cola Human Resource Management is an essential part for any organization. Moreover, development of this department is the first step, the ground on which the future of the company depends. It is essential for every single business unit and especially for such international company as Coca Cola. It is people, not technology who create the company. Human Resource Management at Coca Cola Company has many advantages. It is the global company and it is impossible to create certain policies or procedures applicable in all divisions of the company, cultural and political differences need to be taken into account. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be on four tasks and duties of Human Resource Management (performance management, compensation, career development, succession planning) based on the United States procedures. Basically the HRM practices are necessary for every organization. But unfortunately in Pakistan not so much used HRM practices. In multinational companies like coca cola have their own separate department of HRM. According senior executive of HR Waqar Mahmood our HR department consist of 29 people in Gujranwala plant. Every organization has its own policies and strategies by which they control the functions of their departments. Similarly, we also have own policies and strategies by which we control all the functions of our departments. coca cola HR department is also conducting all the practices of HRM like Job analysis and design of work ,r e c r u i t m e n t and selection, training and development, performance appraisals, compensation, employee relationships, staff welfare and medical policies and some other things like that. These all practices are conducted by own policies and strategies. HR department not make decisions related of its own department, they also conduct in companys decision. Job analysis and designing Job analysis is the procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements of a job and the kind of person who should be hire for it. Job analysis consists of two products one is job description and second job specification. Job description: a list of job duties, responsibilities, reporting relationship, working conditions, and supervisory responsibilities- one product of a job. Job specification: a list of a jobs human requirements that is requisites education, skills, personality, and so on-other product of a job analysis. Coca cola company HR department check its own job description and job analysis in which they get the information about employees work activities, human behavior, performance standard, job context and human requirements and also other information related to this conduct. HR department of coca cola used this information for Recruiting, selection, compensation, performance appraisal, training, and employees relationship. Planning and Forecasting The process of deciding what positions the firm will have to fill, and how to fill them. Coca cola HR department involves in company strategic planning and they also make sufficient planning for hiring new employees in the future. We forecast for the expected employees needs in the organization. We forecast of employees on the change technology and increasing in productivity. After planning we send this report to the head office for approval. If we get approval from the head office then we start recruitment process. Our recruitment process Our recruitment process is well established first of all we give ads in news papers, company website, institutions etc.Once we receive an application form, from candidates with required documents and C V. Internal recruitment External recruitment External Selection process The selection process will vary depending on the position youre applying for, as one process cant fit all the different roles we have here at CCE. However, in most cases a combination of any of the following tools will be used: Interview Group exercises Presentations Psychometric tests Role plays/Situational Exercises Interview The interview is designed to reveal more about you and your experiences. Well ask for examples of how you behaved in different situations, maybe at school, university, a club, at home or in previous jobs. This is not